Luna 28 (Luna Resource 2 or Luna-Grunt rover) is a proposed sample-return mission from the south polar region of the Moon.[3][4]
Mission
Luna 28 will be composed of a stationary lunar lander and a lunar rover.[1] The rover would bring soil samples back to the lander and transfer them into the ascent stage, which would launch and insert itself into a 100 km lunar orbit. While in lunar orbit, the soil-carrying capsule would be intercepted by an orbiting return module, which would perform all rendezvous operations and transfer the samples. After reloading the samples, the return vehicle separates from the orbiter and heads to Earth, while the orbital module continues its mission in the lunar orbit for at least three years.[1] The mission was initially scheduled to be launched in 2027, but due to delays in the Luna-Glob program it is expected to be launched no earlier than 2030 as of August 2023.[2]
References
External links
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Exploration programs |
- American
- Chinese
- Indian
- Japanese
- South Korean
- Korean Lunar Exploration Program
- Russian
- Soviet
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Active missions | | Orbiters | |
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| Landers | |
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| Rovers | |
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| Flybys | |
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Past missions | |
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Planned missions | | Artemis | |
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| CLPS |
- Blue Moon Pathfinder (2025)
- Griffin M1 (2025)
- IM-3 (2026)
- Blue Ghost M2 (2026)
- M3 (2028)
- IM-4 (TBD)
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| Luna-Glob |
- 26 (2027)
- 27 (2028)
- (2030)
- 29 (2030s)
- 30 (2030s)
- 31 (2030s)
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| CLEP | |
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| Chandrayaan | |
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| KLEP |
- Korean lunar lander (2032)
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| Others | |
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Proposed missions | |
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Cancelled / concepts | |
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| Related | |
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- Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in italics.
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| Active | |
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| Past | |
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| Failed | |
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| Planned | | Artemis |
- Artemis III (2027)
- IV (2028)
- V (2030)
- VI (2031)
- VII (2032)
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| CLEP | |
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| CLPS |
- Blue Moon Pathfinder (2025)
- Griffin M1 (2025)
- IM-3 (2026)
- Blue Ghost M2 (2026)
- M3 (2028)
- M4 (2029)
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| KLEP |
- Korean lunar lander (2032)
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| Luna-Glob | |
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| Others |
- Hakuto-R M3 (ispace, 2026)
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| Proposed | | CLPS | |
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| Others |
- Beresheet 2 (SpaceIL)
- Nyx Moon (The Exploration Company)
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Soviet and Russian space program |
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| Launch sites |
- Baikonur Cosmodrome (in Kazakhstan)
- Dombarovsky
- Kapustin Yar
- Plesetsk Cosmodrome
- Svobodny Cosmodrome (defunct)
- Vostochny Cosmodrome
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| Launch vehicles | |
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Human spaceflight programs | | Past |
- Vostok
- Voskhod
- Salyut
- Almaz (incorporated into Salyut program) / TKS
- Soyuz-Apollo (joint)
- Mir
- Shuttle–Mir (joint)
- Energia / Buran
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| Cancelled | |
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| Active |
- International Space Station (joint)
- Soyuz
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| In development | |
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Robotic programs | | Past |
- Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik (1961–1982)
- Prognoz (1972–1996)
- Luna (1958–1976)
- Venera (1961–1985)
- Zond (1964–1970)
- Astron (1983–1991)
- Vega (1984–1987)
- Phobos (failed) (1988–1989)
- Granat (1989–1998)
- Gamma (1990–1992)
- Mars 96 (failed) (1996)
- Resurs-DK No.1 (2006–2016)
- CORONAS (1994–2009)
- Fobos-Grunt (failed) (2011)
- Spektr-R (2011–2019)
- Luna 25 (failed) (2023)
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| Cancelled | |
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| Active | |
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| In development | |
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| Communications |
- Sputnik (begun 1957)
- Sputnik 1
- Sputnik 2
- Sputnik 3
- Sputnik 41
- Sputnik 99
- Luch
- Deep Space Network
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| Concepts | |
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| Images and artwork | |
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| Related |
- List of cosmonauts
- Cosmonaut ranks and positions
- Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
- Soviet space dogs
- Laika
- Belka and Strelka
- Veterok and Ugolyok
- Ivan Ivanovich
- Soviet space exploration history on Soviet stamps
- Cosmonauts Alley
- Monument to the Conquerors of Space
- Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
- Out of the Present (1995 documentary)
- Mission to Mir (1997 documentary)
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- See also: Space industry of Russia
- Russian Aerospace Defence Forces
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Future spaceflights |
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| Crewed | | 2025 |
- Shenzhou 21 (October)
- Soyuz MS-28 (November)
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| 2026 |
- SpaceX Crew-12
- Artemis II (April)
- Soyuz MS-29 (June)
- Boeing Starliner-1
- Vast-1
- Axiom Mission 5
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| 2027+ | |
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| Uncrewed | | 2025 |
- Cygnus NG-22
- Cygnus NG-23 (Q4)
- ESCAPADE
- Gaganyaan-1 (Q4)
- Garatéa-L
- GOSAT-GW
- IMAP / SWFO-L1 (September)
- HTV-X1 (September)
- IM-3 (October)
- LOXSAT1
- MetOp-SG Series A
- MetOp-SG Series B
- PETREL
- Progress MS-32 (August)
- Progress MS-33 (October)
- SMILE (Q3)
- SPARCS
- SSC Demo-1
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| 2026 | |
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| 2027 | |
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| 2028 | |
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| 2029 | |
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| 2030+ | |
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| TBA | |
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