List of food origins

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grain Agriculture portal

This is a list of food items by the region of the world they originate or were domesticated in.

Items common to most regions

Vegetables

  • Dandelion greens
A wild raspberry

Fruits

  • Coconuts
  • Cranberry (species are native to subarctic regions)
  • Elderberry (not present in tropical regions)
  • Mulberry
  • Raspberry (not present in Africa)
  • Wild strawberry (not present in Africa)
  • Yellow plum (common to tropical regions, excluding North America, Europe, and West Asia)

Meats

  • Crab
  • Mussels
  • Rabbit
  • Duck

Seeds/Nuts

  • Acorn (not present in Africa and South America)
  • Chestnuts (Northern Hemisphere)
  • Hickory nuts (species native to East/Southeast Asia, North America, and South Asia)
  • Pine nuts
  • Walnuts (Northern Hemisphere)

Herbs/Spices

  • Wormwood

Other

  • Birch syrup (produced from birch trees which are native to Europe, North Asia, and North America)

Africa

East Africa

Workers harvesting teff in Northern Ethiopia

Grains/Cereals

  • Finger millet
  • Teff
  • Sorghum Originally from Sudan[1][2]

Vegetables

  • Ensete

Fruits

  • Watermelon Originally from Northern Sudan.[3]
Four workers sorting coffee beans for size in Hawassa, Ethiopia

Seeds/Nuts

  • Noug

Other

West Africa

Guineafowl in Kruger Park, South Africa

Grains/Cereals

  • African rice
  • Fonio[6]
  • Pearl millet

Vegetables

  • Cowpea or black-eye peas
  • Hausa groundnut
  • Pigeon pea
  • Yam

Fruits

  • Ackee
  • Tamarind

Meats

  • Guineafowl

Seeds/Nuts

  • Kola Nut

Other

  • Oil palm

Asia

A Vietnamese rice field

East and Southeast Asia

Grains/Cereals

  • Buckwheat
  • Foxtail millet
  • Rice

Vegetables

  • Adzuki bean (or red mung bean)
  • Calabash (or bottle gourd)
  • Ginseng
  • Lolot pepper
  • Radish
  • Soybean
  • Taro
  • Water spinach
  • Wax gourd
An illustration of a peach in different stages

Fruits

  • Che
  • Cherry
  • Citrus fruits (Citron, Grapefruit, Kumquat, Mandarin, Lemon, Lime, Orange, Pomelo, and Tangerine)
  • Doub Palm
  • Durian
  • Goji
  • Goumi
  • Hardy Kiwi
  • Jambos
  • Kiwifruit
  • Lanzones
  • Lapsi
  • Longan
  • Loquat
  • Lychee
  • Mango
  • Mangosteen
  • Mock Strawberry
  • Peach
  • Persimmon
  • Pomelo
  • Rambutan
  • Japanese barberry
  • Monkfruit
  • Yangmei

Meats

  • Chicken

Seeds/Nuts

  • Fox nut

Herbs/Spices

  • Betel leaf
  • Fingerroot
  • Indonesian bay leaf
  • Kewra
  • Saffrol laurel
Eggplants that are yet to be harvested

Other

  • Tea
  • Hemp

Southern Asia or Indian Subcontinent

Grains/Cereals

  • Indian barnyard millet
  • Jungle Rice
  • Little Millet
  • Raishan

Vegetables

  • Black gram
  • Chamoe
  • Cucumber
  • Eggplant
  • Elephant foot yam
  • Horseradish tree
  • Ivy gourd
  • Moth Bean
  • Mung Bean
  • Neem
  • Pigeon pea
  • Snake gourd

Fruits

  • Bael fruit
  • Bengal Currant
  • Burflower-tree
  • Ceylon gooseberry
  • Indian gooseberry
  • Java plum
  • Malabar plum
  • Wood-apple
Indian spice market

Herbs/Spices

  • Black pepper
  • Cardamom
  • Cinnamon
  • Curry leaf
  • Holy basil
  • Indian bay leaf
  • Long pepper
  • Radhuni
  • Turmeric
  • Vetiver

Other

  • Sal tree

Western Asia or Middle East

A still life of bread and wine; products of wheat and grapes which were originally cultivated in Western Asia
Cattle

Grains/Cereals

  • Barley
  • Bitter vetch
  • Oats
  • Rye
  • Wheat

Vegetables

  • Allium species (chives, garlic, leek, onion, scallions, and shallots)
  • Asparagus
  • Beet
  • Carrot
  • Chickpea
  • Fava bean
  • Lentil
  • Lettuce
  • Turnip

Fruits

  • Apple
  • Apricot
  • Date palm
  • Fig
  • Grape
  • Jujube
  • Plum
  • Medlar
  • Pomegranate

Meats

  • Beef
  • Goat
  • Mutton
  • Pork

Seeds/Nuts

  • Almond
  • Flax or Linseed
  • Sesame

Herbs/Spices

  • Asafoetida
  • Black caraway
  • Coriander
  • Dill
  • Lemongrass
  • Thyme
  • Mustard
  • Spearmint

Oceania

Australia

Various stages of the Macadamia nut

Vegetables

  • pencil yam

Fruits

  • Black apple
  • Broad-leaf bramble
  • Burdekin plum
  • Bush banana
  • Cedar Bay cherry
  • Cluster fig
  • Common apple-berry
  • Conkerberry
  • Davidson's plum
  • Desert fig
  • Desert lime
  • Emu apple
  • Fibrous satinash
  • Finger lime
  • Illawarra plum
  • Kakadu lime
  • Kakadu plum
  • Karkalla
  • Lady apple
  • Lemon aspen
  • Little gooseberry tree
  • Midyim
  • Mountain pepper
  • Muntries
  • Native cherry
  • Native currant
  • Pigface
  • Quandong
  • Riberry
  • Sandpaper fig
  • Snow berry
  • Sweet apple-berry
  • White aspen
  • Wild orange

Seeds/Nuts

  • Macadamia

Meats

  • Emu
  • Kangaroo
  • Possum
  • Sea turtle

Other

  • Aniseed myrtle
  • Saltbush
  • Witchetty grub

Austranesia and New Guinea

Banana tree featuring a full crop

Grains/Cereals

  • Job's tears

Vegetables

  • Aibika
  • Air yam
  • East Asian arrowroot (Kudzu)
  • Eucheuma (sea moss or gusô)
  • Fiji sago palm
  • Fiveleaf yam
  • Giant swamp taro
  • Giant taro
  • Highland pitpit
  • Indian coral tree
  • Joint fir
  • Lengkuas
  • Lesser yam
  • Pako
  • The Plentiful fig
  • Polynesian arrowroot
  • Sea grape
  • Ti plant
  • Torch ginger
  • Ube (purple yam)
  • Water chestnut

Fruits

  • Antidesma montanum
  • Banana
  • Bignay
  • Bilimbi
  • Binukaw
  • Blue tongue
  • Breadfruit
  • Button mangosteen
  • Breadnut
  • Cempedak
  • Dracontomelon costatum
  • Dragon plum
  • Fe'i banana
  • Dye Fig
  • Ficus wassa
  • Galo
  • Golden apple
  • Hala Fruit
  • Island lychee
  • Jackfruit
  • Java apple
  • Lipote
  • Mangosteen
  • Marang
  • Marata
  • Marianas breadfruit
  • Millaa millaa vine
  • Monkey jack
  • Mo'onia fruit
  • Mountain apple
  • Noni
  • Rambutan
  • Rattan fruit
  • Rukam
  • Santol
  • Star fruit
  • Tal palm
  • Tipuho
  • Velvet apple
  • Water apple
Sugarcane for sale in a market in Kerala, India

Meats

  • Banteng
  • Carabao

Seeds/Nuts

  • Beach cordia
  • Galip nut
  • Pao nut
  • Pili
  • Sea almond
  • Tahitian chestnut

Herbs/Spices

  • Bitter ginger
  • Clove
  • Cubeb
  • Ginger
  • Lemongrass
  • Nutmeg tree (origin of Nutmeg and Mace)
  • Pangi
  • Pandan

Other

  • Agar
  • Areca nut
  • Areng palm
  • Betel
  • Edible-nest swiftlet
  • Jaggery palm
  • Kalingag
  • Kava
  • Nipa palm
  • Queen sago palm
  • Sugarcane
  • True sago palm

Europe

Northern Europe

A head of cabbage

Grains/Cereals

  • Large crabgrass

Vegetables

  • Angelica
  • Cabbage
  • Parsnips
  • Kohlrabi

Fruits

  • Blackcurrant
  • Briançon apricot
  • Cloudberry
  • Garden strawberry (domesticated variety)
  • Gooseberry
  • Guelder rose
  • Hawberry
  • Lingonberry
  • Pear
  • Red raspberry
  • Redcurrant
  • Sloe
  • Bilberry

Meats

  • Domestic Rabbit
A basket of hazelnuts from Galiza, Spain

Seeds/Nuts

  • Hazelnuts
  • Rapeseed

Herbs/Spices

  • Caraway
  • Dill
  • Hops
  • Tarragon

Southern Europe or Mediterranean

A broccoli plant ready for harvest

Vegetables

  • Broccoli
  • Brussels sprouts
  • Caper
  • Cauliflower
  • Collard
  • Kale
  • Peas
An olive tree in Crete

Fruits

  • Cornelian cherry
  • Juniper berry
  • Seaberry
  • Olive

Herbs/Spices

  • Catnip
  • Common sage
  • Fennel
  • Oregano
  • Parsley
  • Rosemary

Americas

North America

Various squashes such as Turban, Sweet Dumpling, Carnival, Gold Acorn, Delicata, Buttercup and Golden Nugget.

Grains/Cereals

  • Amaranth
  • Erect knotweed
  • Little barley
  • Maygrass
  • Wild rice

Vegetables

  • American Groundnut
  • Sunchoke
  • Tepary bean

Fruits

  • American persimmon
  • American plum
  • American raspberry
  • Beach plum
  • Black cherry
  • Black raspberry
  • Blackberry
  • Blueberry
  • Buffaloberry
  • Canada plum
  • Canadian serviceberry
  • Chokecherry
  • Desert apricot
  • Dewberry
  • Eastern may hawthorn
  • Fox grape
  • Ground plum
  • Huckleberry
  • Maypop
  • Pawpaw
  • Red mulberry
  • Salal
  • Salmonberry
  • Saskatoonberry
  • Saw palmetto
  • Thimbleberry
  • Toyon
  • Wintergreen
A wild male turkey with plumage on display

Meats

  • Alligator
  • Bison
  • Turkey (bird)

Seeds/Nuts

  • American hazelnut
  • Black Walnut
  • Pecan
  • Sunflower

Herbs/Spices

  • American ginseng
  • Blue sage
  • Coneflower
  • White sage

Other

  • Maple syrup

Central America and Caribbean

A diagram showing a stalk and cob of Maize/Corn

Grains/Cereals

  • Maize (corn)

Vegetables

  • Common bean or Pole bean
  • Jicama
  • Prickly pear cactus
  • Scarlet runner bean or Butter bean
  • Squash species (acorn squash, butternut squash, pumpkin, and zucchini)
  • Strangler fig
  • Yucca

Fruits

  • Acerola
  • Avocado
  • Black sapote
  • Guava
  • Lucuma
  • Mamey sapote
  • Muntingia
  • Papaya
  • Pitaya (Dragonfruit)
  • Prickly pear fruit
  • Sapodilla
  • Soursop
  • Tomatillo

Herbs/Spices

  • Achiote
  • Allspice
  • Blue vine sage
  • Chia
  • Vanilla
A field of tobacco being grown in Pennsylvania United States

Other

  • Agave
  • Chicle
  • Diviner's sage
  • Tobacco

South America

Various chili pepper species presented for sale in a market in São Paulo, Brazil

Grains/Cereals

  • Quinoa

Vegetables

  • Andean lupin
  • Arrowroot
  • Canna (plant)
  • Cassava
  • Lima bean
  • Oca
  • Potatoes
  • Sweet potato
  • Ulloco

Fruits

  • Araza
  • Cashew apple
  • Cherimoyas
  • Chili peppers
  • Courbaril
  • Feijoa
  • Grenadia
  • Jabuticaba
  • Jelly palm
  • Passion fruit
  • Pineapple
  • Saúco
  • Tamarillo
  • Tomato
  • Quenepa
Varieties of potatoes and tubers presented for sale in a market in Huancayo, Peru

Meats

  • Armadillo
  • Alpaca
  • Capybara
  • Guinea pig
  • Llama
  • Rhea (bird)

Seeds/Nuts

  • Brazil nut
  • Cashew
  • Peanut

Herbs/Spices

  • Anacahuita
  • Boldo
  • Cocoa bean
  • Lemon verbena

Other

  • Coca
  • Guarana
  • Guayusa
  • Marcela
  • Yerba mate

See also

  • Ark of Taste – Catalogue of endangered foods
  • List of culinary fruits
  • List of culinary herbs and spices
  • List of culinary nuts
  • List of dried foods
  • List of edible seeds
  • List of snack foods
  • List of vegetables
  • Local food – Food produced within a short distance of where it is consumed
  • Neolithic Revolution – Transition in human history from hunter-gatherer to settled peoples
  • New World crops – Crops native to the New World

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Fuller Stevens 2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Carney, Judith (2009). In the Shadow of Slavery. University of California Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-5202-6996-5.
  3. ^ Renner, Susanne S.; Wu, Shan; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Silber, Martina V.; Fei, Zhangjun; Chomicki, Guillaume (24 May 2021). "A chromosome-level genome of a Kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (23): e2101486118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11801486R. doi:10.1073/pnas.2101486118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8201767. PMID 34031154.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  4. ^ Francis, John K. "Coffea arabica L. Rubiaceae" (PDF). Factsheet of U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2007.
  5. ^ "Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
  6. ^ "Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 29 June 2025.
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