1234

Year 1234 (MCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (full calendar displayed in the link) of the Julian calendar.

Years
Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
Decades
Years
Battle between Mongol warriors and Jin horsemen, during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty from the Jami' al-tawarikh, by Rashid al-Din Hamadani

Events

By place

Europe

  • King Canute II of Sweden ("the Tall") dies after a five-year reign. His rival, Eric XI ("the Lisp and Lame"), returns as ruler of Sweden (possibly after a civil war between the two of them). It is also possible that Canute dies of natural causes, and Eric peacefully then returns as king.
  • King Andrew II of Hungary proclaims his son, Coloman of Galicia, as ruler (or ban) of Bosnia, who passes it on to Prijezda, a cousin of Matej Ninoslav, despite Matej being the legitimate ruler.
  • Reconquista – King Sancho II of Portugal conquers the cities of Aljustrel and Mértola from the Moors.[1]

Mongol Empire

  • February 9 – Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: The Mongol army led by Ögedei Khan captures the Jin capital at Caizhou, after the two-month Siege of Caizhou). Emperor Aizong of Jin abdicates the throne to Wanyan Chenglin, a descendant of the Jin imperial clan. After the Mongol and Song forces have breached the city walls, Aizong tries to escape, but commits suicide to avoid being captured. This marks the end of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) ('Great Jin') in China.[2]

Africa

  • The Manden region rises against the Kaniaga Kingdom. This is the beginning of a process that will lead to the rise of the Mali Empire.[3]

By topic

Religion

  • November – Pope Gregory IX proclaims war on the city of Rome after a local revolt forces him into exile.[4] He issues the papal bull Rachel suum videns, calling for a new crusade to the Holy Land.[5]
  • Lund Cathedral in Sweden is heavily damaged in a catastrophic fire. Large donations are made to the church, to rebuild the cathedral.

Births

  • February 27 – Abaqa Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (d. 1282)
  • Christina of Norway, Infanta of Castile, princess (d. 1262)
  • Kaliman I, emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria (d. 1246)
  • Conrad of Ascoli, Italian friar and missionary (d. 1289)
  • Ippen (or Zuien), Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 1289)
  • Manuel of Castile, Spanish prince (infante) (d. 1283)
  • Margaret of Holland, Dutch noblewoman (d. 1276)
  • Ou Shizi, Chinese Confucian scholar (d. 1324)

Deaths

References

  1. ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  2. ^ Beck, Sanderson. "Liao, Xi Xia, and Jin Dynasties 907–1234". China 7 BC to 1279.
  3. ^ Conrad, David C. (2001). "Reconstructing oral tradition: Souleymane Kanté's approach to writing Mande history". Mande Studies. 3: 147–200. doi:10.2979/mnd.2001.a873349.
  4. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 138. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  5. ^ Krötzl, Christian; Kuuliala, Jenni; Mustakallio, Katariina (March 9, 2016). Infirmity in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Taylor & Francis. p. 108. ISBN 9781317116950.
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