1360s

Millennia
2nd millennium
Centuries
Decades
Years
Categories
  • Births
  • Deaths
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  • Disestablishments

The 1360s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1360, and ended on December 31, 1369.

Events

1360

January–December

  • June – Valdemar IV Atterdag attacks Skåne and conquers Lindholmen Castle.[1]
  • August – Peace is concluded between Sweden and Denmark with the arbitration in Helsingborg. Magnus IV Eriksson cedes the Scanian lands except northern Halland to Denmark. In return, Valdemar IV Atterdag must help Magnus against his domestic enemies.[2]
  • October 24 – The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War. Under its terms, Edward III of England gives up his claim to the French throne, and releases King John II of France in return for French land, including Calais and Gascony.[3]

Date unknown

  • Red Turban Rebellions: Chen Youliang murders Xu Shouhui and proclaims himself the emperor of Han in Wuchang before unsuccessfully attempting to capture Nanjing from Zhu Yuanzhang.[4]
  • King Valdemar IV Atterdag of Denmark reconquers Scania, which has been in Swedish possession since 1332.[1]
  • Shah Shuja regains rule of the Muzaffarid tribe in Persia after the death of his brother, Shah Mahmud.
  • Nawruz Beg overthrows his brother Qulpa as Khan of the Blue Horde.
  • Muhammed VI overthrows his brother-in-law, Ismail II, as King of Granada (in modern-day Spain).
  • Dmitri Konstantinovich is installed as ruler of Vladimir (in modern-day western Russia) by the Khan of the White Horde.[5]
  • Earliest known Kırkpınar oil wrestling tournament in the Ottoman Empire, which will still be staged into the 21st century.[6]

1361

January–December

  • March 17 – An-Nasir Hasan, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, is killed by one of his own mamluks, Yalbugha al-Umari, who, with the senior Mamluk emirs, has al-Mansur Muhammad installed as the new sultan.[7]
  • April 13 – The University of Pavia is founded, on the Italian Peninsula.[8]
  • May 1 – King Magnus IV Eriksson warns the inhabitants of Visby in a letter, of an upcoming Danish invasion.
  • July 27 – Battle of Visby: King Valdemar IV of Denmark conquers the city of Visby by defeating the defending Gutnish country yeomen, and takes Gotland.[9]
  • October 10 – Edward, the Black Prince marries Joan of Kent at Windsor Castle.[10]

Date unknown

  • In the Marinid Empire in modern-day Morocco, Abu Salim Ibrahim is overthrown by Abu Umar, who is in turn overthrown by Abu Zayyan.
  • Great Troubles: the Blue Horde descends into anarchy. Between 1361 and 1378, over 20 khans succeed each other in different parts of the Blue Horde's territory.
  • Chinese rebels capture the Goryeo capital.
  • The earliest known musical keyboard instrument is built, with the layout of black and white keys that becomes standard.

1362

January–December

  • January 1 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania switches New Year to January 1, before any other country does.
  • January 16 – The "Grote Mandrenke" storm tide strikes the Netherlands, England, Germany and Denmark, destroying the Danish settlement of Rungholt in the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Humber estuary port of Ravenser Odd in England. The East Frisian island of Buise is broken into two by North Sea floods.
  • February 15 – King Haakon VI of Norway, son of Magnus IV of Sweden, proclaims himself king of Sweden in opposition to his father. However, later in the year, father and son are reconciled and rule Sweden together.
  • March – Murad I succeeds his father Orhan as sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
  • March – Champa, during the reign of King Po Binasuor, raids Hóa Châu of Đại Việt, then withdraws.[11]
  • April – Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada, returns to the throne after the murder of the usurper Muhammed VI.
  • April 6
    • Battle of Brignais: The Free Companies defeat a French army.
    • A fire destroys much of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin.[12]
  • April 17 – Kaunas Castle in Lithuania falls to the Teutonic Order, after a month-long siege.
  • June – Under the terms of the will of Sir John de Wingfield (died 1361), the church of St. Andrew and a college of priests are founded in Wingfield, Suffolk, England.
  • June 22 – An alliance is formed between England and Castile.[13]
  • July 8 – Valdemar IV of Denmark defeats the Hanseatic League in the naval Battle of Helsingborg.
  • September 28 – Pope Urban V succeeds Pope Innocent VI, as the 200th pope.
  • October 13 – The Chancellor of England for the first time opens Parliament with a speech in English.[14] Under Edward III of England, the Pleading in English Act makes English rather than Law French the official language in law courts.[13][15]
  • November – Lionel of Antwerp, son of King Edward III of England, is created Duke of Clarence.
  • December 21 – Constantine IV succeeds his cousin, Constantine III, as King of Armenia.

Date unknown

  • Autumn 1362 or 1363 – Battle of Blue Waters: Grand Duke of Lithuania Algirdas defeats the Tatars, and takes over Kyiv.
  • Red Turban Rebellions: Hu Dahai, aide to Zhu Yuanzhang, is killed by Miao chieftains in Yanzhou (part of modern-day Jinhua and Hangzhou).[16] Chaghan Temur is killed and succeeded by his nephew Köke Temür.
  • The Ottomans capture Philippopolis (or in 1364, 1371) and Adrianopole (the modern-day city of Edirne, or in 1369) from the Byzantine Empire, reducing its territory to the city of Constantinople, part of the Peloponessus, and some islands.
  • The Öræfajökull volcano erupts in Iceland, resulting in the destruction of the district of Litlahérað by flood and tephra fall.
  • The English Hospice of the Most Holy Trinity and St Thomas is founded in Rome. It goes on to become the English College, a centre for training English priests in Rome.
  • Purported date of the inscription of the Kensington Runestone, at Solem, Minnesota.

1363

January–December

  • April 9 – Haakon VI of Norway marries Margaret I of Denmark.
  • August – The Revolt of Saint Titus, against the rule of the Republic of Venice in the Kingdom of Candia (island of Crete), begins.
  • August 30–October 4 – Battle of Lake Poyang: The Dahan rebel forces of Chen Youliang are defeated by the Red Turban Rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang, during the final decade of Yuan dynasty control over China. Zhu's naval forces of 200,000 are pitted against Chen's naval forces of 650,000 troops, in what is not only the largest naval battle of the medieval age, but also one of the largest naval battles in history.

Date unknown

1364

January–December

Date unknown

  • Vladislav I (also known as Vlaicu-Vodă) becomes voivode of Wallachia.
  • Bogdana Monastery is built in Moldavia.
  • Rana Kshetra Singh succeeds Rana Hamir Singh, as ruler of Mewar (part of modern-day western India).
  • Anavema Reddy succeeds Anavota Reddy, as ruler of the Reddy Dynasty in Andhra Pradesh (part of modern-day southern India).
  • The Kingdom of Ava is established by Thado Minbya in modern-day northern Burma. Some chronicles and sources however date the event in 1365.

1365

January–December

Date unknown

  • Adrianopole (modern-day Edirne) becomes the capital city of the Ottoman Sultanate.
  • In modern-day southern India, Bahmani Sultan Mohammed Shah I invades the Vijayanagara Empire.
  • The Sukhothai Kingdom in northern Thailand becomes a tributary state of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
  • Muhammed V begins building the Maristan of Granada (a hospital) in Granada (in modern-day Spain).
  • The Chagatai Khanate defeats Timur in the Battle of Tashkent.

1366

Date unknown

  • War continues between the Hindu Vijayanagar Empire and the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate in modern-day southern India.
  • Dmitri Donskoi, ruler of Moscow and Vladimir, makes peace with Dmitri Konstantinovich, former ruler of Vladimir.
  • Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz I of Morocco succeeds assassinated Abu Zayyan as Sultan of the Marinid Empire in Morocco.
  • The Statutes of Kilkenny are passed, aiming to curb the decline of the Hiberno-Norman Lordship of Ireland.
  • The Den Hoorn brewery is founded at Leuven in the Low Countries. In 1717 this will be renamed the Brouwerij Artois, and later releases a beer in 1926 named Stella Artois.
  • Zhu Yuanzhang, leader of the Red Turban Rebellion that will overthrow the Yuan dynasty and establish the Ming dynasty two years later, begins building the walls for a new capital city at Nanjing.
  • Thomas Fraser obtains lands in Aberdeenshire (Scotland) on which he starts the building of a towerhouse, that will later be known as Muchalls Castle.

1367

January–December

  • January 18 – Ferdinand I becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, Peter I.
  • April 3 – Battle of Nájera: Pedro of Castile is restored as King of Castile (in modern-day Spain) after defeating his half-brother, Henry II. Pedro is aided in the battle by the English under Edward, the Black Prince, and Henry by the French.
  • April 24 – Otto I, "the Evil", becomes Duke of the independent city of Göttingen (in modern-day Germany) on the death of his father, Ernst I.
  • October 1 – Red Turban Rebellions: Zhu Yuanzhang takes Suzhou from Zhang Shicheng, who unsuccessfully attempts suicide before being captured and taken to Nanjing, where he dies.[24]
  • October 16 – Pope Urban V makes the first attempt to move the Papacy back to Rome from Avignon. This move is reversed in 1370, when he is forced to return to Avignon, and shortly afterwards dies.
  • December 28 – Red Turban Rebellions: Hu Mei captures Shaowu, while Xu Da and Chang Yuchun capture Jinan, bringing both under Zhu Yuanzhang's control.[25]

Date unknown

  • Winter – Construction of a stone Moscow Kremlin Wall around the city is begun to resist invasion by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
  • Petru I succeeds his grandfather Bogdan I as voivode (ruler) of Moldavia.
  • The first university in Pécs, Hungary, is founded by King Louis I.

1368


January–December

  • January 23 – The Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang) establishes the Ming dynasty in China, after the disintegration of the Mongol Yuan dynasty. The new dynasty will last until 1644. The Emperor immediately orders every county magistrate to set up four granaries, and halts government taxation on books.[26]
  • March 29 – Emperor Chōkei accedes to the throne of Japan.[27]

Date unknown

  • The Revolt of Saint Titus against rule of the Republic of Venice in the Kingdom of Candia (island of Crete) ends in failure.[28]
  • Durrës, the second-largest city in modern-day Albania (at this time known as Dyrrhachium), is captured from the Angevins by Karl Thopia, a powerful feudal prince and warlord.[29]
  • Lațcu, son of Bogdan I, deposes his nephew Petru I, and becomes voivode of Moldavia. (Other sources state that Lațcu had succeeded his father Bogdan in 1367).[30]
  • Timur ascends the throne of Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan).[31]
  • Maha Thammaracha II becomes ruler of the Sukhothai Kingdom (in modern-day northern Thailand) after the death of Maha Thammaracha I.[32]
  • Work begins on the surviving Great Wall of China.[33]
  • Mikhail Aleksandrovich becomes the sole ruler of Tver (in modern-day western Russia), after the death of co-ruler and rival Vasiliy Mikhailovich of Kashin.[34]
  • Moscow attacks Tver, which counter-attacks with the aid of Lithuania and the Blue Horde.[35]
  • The King of Norway sends the last Royal Ship from Norway to the Greenland Eastern Settlement. This event is part of both the Norse colonization of the Americas, and of the History of Greenland.
  • A peace treaty is signed between Norway and the Hanseatic League.
  • The Bibliothèque nationale de France (National Library of France) is founded as the Royal Library at the Louvre Palace in Paris, by Charles V of France.[36]
  • Petrarch concludes writing the sequence of Italian sonnets and other poems known as Il Canzoniere.[37]

1369

January–December

  • February – Vladislav I of Wallachia liberates Vidin from the Hungarians, resulting in the restoration of Ivan Sratsimir on the throne of Bulgaria, in the autumn.
  • March 14 – Battle of Montiel: Pedro of Castile loses to an alliance between the French and his half-brother, Henry II.
  • May – King Charles V of France renounces the Treaty of Brétigny, and war is declared between France and England.
  • September – Hundred Years' War: The French burn Portsmouth, England;[38] the English raid Picardy and Normandy.[39]
  • November 30 – Hundred Years' War: Charles V of France recaptures most of Aquitaine from the English.[39]
  • December – Financed by Charles V of France, Welshman Owain Lawgoch launches an invasion fleet against the English, in an attempt to claim the throne of Wales.[40] A storm causes Owain to abandon the invasion.

Dates unknown

  • The Ottoman Empire invades Bulgaria.
  • Venice repels a Hungarian invasion.
  • The Thai Ayutthaya Kingdom conquers Cambodia for a second time.
  • Charles V of France orders Hugues Aubriot to construct the fortress of the Bastille in Paris.
  • Timur names the city of Samarkand as the capital of his empire.
  • Košice becomes the first town in Europe to be granted its own coat of arms.
  • The Hongwu Emperor of the Chinese Ming dynasty issues a decree ordering every country magistrate in the empire to open a Confucian school of learning.
  • The official production of Jingdezhen porcelain in Ming dynasty China is on record.

Significant people

  • The Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang), founder of the Ming dynasty

Births

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

  • January 27 – Edward of Angoulême, French-born royal prince of England (d. 1370)
  • July 25 – U of Goryeo, Korean king (d. 1389)
  • date unknown – Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī, Baghdadi Sufi author (d. 1424)
  • approximate date – Violant of Bar, queen regent of Aragon (d. 1431)[44]

1366

1367

  • January 6 – King Richard II of England (d. 1400)[47]
  • March 22 or 1368 – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician (d. 1399)
  • June 13 – King Taejong of Joseon, Korean king (d. 1422)
  • date unknown – Michael de la Pole, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (d. 1415)
  • probable – Mary of Enghien, queen consort of Naples (d. 1446)

1368

1369

  • May 28th – Muzio Sforza, Italian condottiero (d. 1424)
  • date unknown – William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros, Lord Treasurer of England (d. 1414)
  • probable – King Constantine I of Georgia (d. c. 1412)
  • approximate – Jan Hus, Czech priest and philosopher (d. 1415)
  • approximate – Margareta, Swedish Sami missionary (d. 1425)

Deaths

1360

1361

1362

1363

  • January 13 – Meinhard III, Count of Tyrol
  • March 3 – Simone Boccanegra, first doge of Genoa (approximate date)
  • c. April – Blanche of Namur, queen consort of Sweden (b. 1320)
  • July 29 – John Bardolf, 3rd Baron Bardolf (b. 1314)
  • August 23 – Chen Youliang, founder of the Dahan regime (b. 1320)
  • October 7 – Eleanor de Bohun, Countess of Ormonde (b. 1304)
  • date unknown
  • probable – Ranulf Higdon, English chronicler (b. c. 1299)

1364

1365

1366

  • January 25 – Henry Suso, German mystic (b. c. 1295)
  • April 26 – Simon Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury
  • May 20 – Maria of Calabria, Empress of Constantinople (b. 1329)
  • Summer – Ming Yuzhen, founder of the rebel empire of Daxia (b. 1331)
  • October 14 – Ibn Nubata, Arab poet (b. 1287)[52]
  • October 18 – Petrus Torkilsson, Archbishop of Uppsala

1367

  • January – Han Lin'er, Chinese rebel leader, emperor of Han Song (b. 1339)[53]
  • January 9 – Giulia della Rena, Italian saint (b. 1319)
  • January 18 – King Peter I of Portugal (b. 1320)
  • April 13 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (b. 1313)
  • August 23 – Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz, Spanish cardinal (b. 1310)
  • September 25 – Jakushitsu Genkō, Japanese poet (b. 1290)
  • December 28 – Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shōgun (b. 1330)
  • date unknown
    • Bogdan I of Moldavia
    • Zhang Shicheng, Chinese rebel leader, King of Wu (b. 1321)[24]

1368

1369

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