Triferulic acids, also known as dehydrotriferulic acids, are a type of oligomeric natural phenols formed from ferulic acid.
5-5',8'-O-4"-Triferulic acid can be found in maize bran[1]
References
- ^ Bunzel, M; Funk, C; Steinhart, H (2004). "Semipreparative isolation of dehydrodiferulic and dehydrotriferulic acids as standard substances from maize bran". Journal of Separation Science. 27 (13): 1080–6. doi:10.1002/jssc.200301703. PMID 15495409.
Types of hydroxycinnamic acids |
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| Aglycones | | Precursor | |
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Monohydroxycinnamic acids
(Coumaric acids) |
- p-Coumaric acid
- o-Coumaric acid
- m-Coumaric acid
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| Dihydroxycinnamic acids |
- Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid)
- Umbellic acid (2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid)
- 2,3-Dihydroxycinnamic acid
- 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid
- 3,5-Dihydroxycinnamic acid
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| Trihydroxycinnamic acids |
- 2,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid
- 3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid
|
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| O-methylated forms |
- Ferulic acid
- 5-Hydroxyferulic acid
- Isoferulic acid
- Sinapinic acid
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| others | |
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| Esters | | glycoside-likes | Esters of
caffeic acid
with cyclitols | esters of
quinic acid |
- Chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid)
- Cryptochlorogenic acid (4-O-caffeoylquinic acid)
- Neochlorogenic acid (5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid)
- Cynarine (1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)
- 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid
- 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid
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esters of
shikimic acid |
- Dactylifric acid (3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid)
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| Glycosides |
- Ferulic acid glucoside
- p-Coumaric acid glucoside
- 1-Sinapoyl-D-glucose
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| Tartaric acid esters |
- Caftaric acid
- Chicoric acid (dicaffeoyltartaric acid)
- Coutaric acid
- Fertaric acid
- Grape reaction product (caftaric acid conjugated with glutathione)
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Other esters
with caffeic acid |
- Caffeoylmalic acid
- Ethyl caffeate
- Methyl caffeate
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)
- Rosmarinic acid (ester with 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid)
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Caffeoyl phenylethanoid
glycoside (CPG) |
- Echinacoside
- Calceolarioside A, B, C, F
- Chiritoside A, B, C
- Cistanoside A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
- Conandroside
- Myconoside
- Pauoifloside
- Plantainoside A
- Plantamajoside
- Tubuloside B
- Verbascoside (Isoverbascoside, 2′-Acetylverbascoside)
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| Oligomeric forms | | Dimers |
- Diferulic acids (DiFA) : 5,5′-Diferulic acid, 8-O-4′-Diferulic acid, 8,5′-Diferulic acid, 8,5′-DiFA (DC), 8,5′-DiFA (BF), 8,8′-Diferulic acid
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| Trimers |
- : 5-5′,8′-O-4″-Triferulic acid
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| Tetramers | |
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Conjugates with
coenzyme A (CoA) | |
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