Bazille's Studio (L'atelier de Bazille) is an oil-on-canvas painting created in 1870 by the French Impressionist Frédéric Bazille (with contributions by Édouard Manet). The painting is also known as L'Atelier de la rue Condamine,[1]The Studio, and The Studio on the Rue La Condamine.[2] It has been in the collection of the Musée d'Orsay in Paris since 1986. It shows the artist himself surrounded by his friends and paintings in his studio, capturing the artistic and social conditions of Paris in 1870.[3]
Description
Bazille shared the studio on the rue de la Condamine, in the Batignolles neighborhood of northern Paris, with Pierre-Auguste Renoir from January 1868 to May 1870. Bazille is at the center of the composition, holding a palette, next to a framed painting on the easel. Bazille indicated in a letter that Manet in fact painted his figure in this work. Manet, with his reddish beard and hat, is standing in front of Bazille. On the right, Edmond Maître, a friend of Bazille, is seated in front of the piano under Monet's still life. Art historians differ in their identification of three remaining figures. Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Émile Zola and Zacharie Astruc have all been named as possibilities. Dianne Pitman suggests that Renoir and Monet are the ones near the stairs and Astruc is standing beside Manet.[4]: 165 Others have proposed that Monet is next to Manet, Renoir is seated, and Zola is on the stairs.[2]
The painting placed on the easel has been identified as Bazille's View of the Village. The surrounding paintings include an unfinished version of La Toilette (Montpelier, Musée Favre) above the sofa, Fisherman with a Net (Zürich, Fondation Rau) on the high left, and the Fortune-Teller beneath the window. The Terrace at Méric (Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum) on the top of the right wall and small Western Ramparts of Aigues-Mortes (Washington D.C, National Gallery of Art Museum) next to the window have also been identified.[5] On the top right of the window, there is Landscape with Two Figures (Paysage avec deux figures) by Renoir of which only the lower left half survives (Woman with Bird).[6] Monet's small still-life painting, Les Fruits is hanging above Maître.[5][4]: 165 The paintings on the wall had all been rejected at some point by the Salon; Bazille expresses his support for them by placing them on view here.[7] By showing work in progress, Bazille also reveals the evolution of his work.[4]: 157
The Centre for Research and Restoration of the Museums of France (C2RMF), the National Gallery of Art in Washington and other American museums examined Bazille's paintings through X-radiographs.[8] They revealed hidden compositions beneath Bazille's paintings. In Bazille's Studio, a painting similar to Pierre Auguste Renoir's Diana the Huntress was revealed underneath the surface. Since Bazille shared his studio with Renoir, scholars speculate that Bazille used Renoir's work as a model to practice from and study.[4]: 158–159
Interpretation
Before late 20th, Bazille was regarded as an artist of secondary importance relative to the Impressionist painters he supported and befriended, such as Monet or Renoir. However, an exhibition of his work at the Musée d'Orsay in 1987 granted Bazille a "modest but secure position among painters."[3]
Bazille and his fellow artists
Fantin-Latour's A Studio at Les Batignolles likely inspired Bazille's Studio. Both paintings show artists of the Batignolles group gathered in the studio.[4]: 165
Bazille's Studio is a self-portrait of Bazille himself, but also a group portrait of his fellow artists. They are all spread out in the studio, showing their usual attitude or favorite occupations.[9]
Bazille and his studio
Setting up the studio and being in the studio were fundamental in forming Bazille's identity as an artist. Bazille wrote a letter to his parents in 1862 addressing his passion about producing art in his own studio. Bazille moved his studio several times as his artistic circle changed and grew.[2]: 33
There are several paintings by Bazille that take place in his own studio, including Studio on Rue Furstenberg (1865) and Studio of The Rue Visconti (1867). Unlike his earlier paintings, Bazille's Studio shows the studio filled with artists and Bazille's paintings. The paintings within the studio were mostly done by Bazille himself. Many of the figures look at the works of Bazille, showing appreciation.[10]
^François, Daulte; Frédéric, Bazille (1992). Frédéric Bazille : et les débuts de l'impressionnisme : catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre peint (in French). Paris: La Bibliothèque des arts. p. 127.
^ abcJourdan, Aleth. (1992). Frédéric Bazille : Prophet of Impressionism. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Museum. p. 47.
^ abPitman, Dianne W. (1998). Bazille : Purity, Pose, and Painting in the 1860s. Penn.: Pennsylvania State University. p. 5.
^ abcdeBazille, Frédéric; Hilaire, Michel; Perrin, Paul (2016). Frédéric Bazille (1841-1870) and the Birth of Impressionism. Musée Fabre; Musée d'Orsay; National Gallery of Art.
^Daulte, François; Bazille, Frédéric (1992). Frédéric Bazille : et les débuts de l'impressionnisme : catalogue raisonné de l'œuvre peint. La Bibliothèque des arts. pp. 127–130.
^Champa, Kermit Swiler; Pitman, Dianne W.; Brenneman, David A (1999). Monet & Bazille : a Collaboration. High Museum of Art. pp. 72–74.
Fantin-Latour: Around the Piano – The Corner of the Table – Homage to Delacroix – A Studio at Les Batignolles
Gauguin: Arearea – The Beautiful Angel – Breton Peasant Women – The Schuffenecker Family – Self-Portrait in a Hat – Self-Portrait with the Yellow Christ – Tahitian Women on the Beach – Vairumati
Gérôme: The Cock Fight – Jerusalem – Reception of the Grand Condé at Versailles
Gervex: A Session of the Painting Jury
Glaize: The Gallic Women: Episode from the Roman Invasion
Manet: The Balcony – Berthe Morisot with a Bouquet of Violets – Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts – Bullfight – Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe – Flowers in a Crystal Vase – The Fifer – Madame Manet at the Piano – Olympia – The Port of Boulogne by Moonlight – Portrait of Clemenceau – Portrait of Emile Zola – Portrait of Marguerite de Conflans[1] – Portrait of Monsieur and Madame Manet – Portrait of Stéphane Mallarmé – The Reading – A Sprig of Asparagus – The Waitress
Monet: The Artist's Garden at Giverny – A Cart on the Snowy Road at Honfleur – Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe – The Magpie – Regatta at Argenteuil – Resting Under a Lilac Bush – The Road in Front of Saint-Simeon Farm in Winter – Women in the Garden
Regnault: Summary Execution under the Moorish Kings of Granada
Renoir: Bal du moulin de la Galette – The Bathers – Dance in the City – Dance in the Country – Frédéric Bazille at his Easel – Girls at the Piano – Portrait of the Painter Claude Monet – Portrait of William Sisley – The Swing
Sisley: Avenue of Poplars near Moret-sur-Loing – The Canal du Loing – The Canal Saint-Martin – Chemin de la Machine, Louveciennes – The Forge at Marly-le-Roi – Regatta at Molesey near Hampton Court – Resting by a Stream at the Edge of the Wood – Rue de la Chaussée in Argenteuil – View of the Canal Saint-Martin – The Village of Voisins
