Beyliks of Canik

Beyliks of Canik
1300s (decade)–1460
Shown as Canik, Center-east Black Sea coast, yellow
Shown as Canik,
Center-east Black Sea coast, yellow
Capital(various)
Common languagesTurkish
Religion
Islam
GovernmentBeylik
History 
• Collapse of the Sultanate of Rum
1300s (decade)
• Annexation by the Ottoman Empire
1460
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Sultanate of Rum
Ottoman Empire
Today part ofTurkey

Beyliks of Canik (Turkish: Canik beylikleri) was a group of small Turkish principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Anthony Bryer connects the toponym Chanik with the name "Chani" which the Laz people call themselves.[1]

Background

After the battle of Kösedağ in 1243, the Ilkhanid Mongols achieved a hegemony over Anatolia. The Seljuk sultans became the puppets of Ilkhanids and the former generals of Seljuks as well as Turkoman tribes within Seljuk realm who accepted the suzerainty of Ilkhanids, established themselves as semi-independent principalities called beylik. However, the middle Black Sea region of Anatolia lacked a dominant leader, and a series of beyliks emerged, ruled by the members of the same family. Those beyliks were smaller than the beyliks in the other regions of Anatolia and they were nominal vassals of Eretna. They lived in frequent warfare and their history is highly turbulent. Historians call all of them Beyliks of Canik. (Nowadays Canik is the name of a mountain system in the Middle Black Sea region as well as one of the second-level municipalities of Greater Samsun)

The beyliks

In the following table, the names usually refer to the founder of the beylik, (where the suffix "...oğulları" means "sons of") with the exception of Bafra which is the name of the capital city of the beylik.[2]

Name of the beylik Capital End of duration
Beylik of Bafra Bafra 1460
Hacıemiroğulları Mesudiye 1427
Kubatoğulları Ladik 1428
Kutluşah Amasya 1381
Tacettinoğulları Niksar 1415
Taşanoğulları Merzifon 1398

All of the beyliks were incorporated in the Ottoman Empire.

The monarchs

Some members of the dynasties are:[3]

Kutluşah:
  • Hacı Kutlu Şah Bey (1340-1361)
  • Hacı Şâdgeldi Bey (1361-1381)
  • Fahrüddîn Ahmed Bey (1381-1393)
Tacettinoğulları (Tâcüddînoğulları)
  • Tâcüddîn Doğan Şah (1308-1346)
  • Tâcüddîn Bey (1346-1387)
  • Mahmud Çelebi (1387-1423)
  • Hüsâmüddîn Hasan Bey (1423-1425)
Hacıemiroğulları (Bayramoğulları)
  • Hacı Bayram Bey (1313-1331)
  • Hacı Emir Bey (1331-1361)
  • Süleyman Bey (1386-1392)

References

  1. ^ Bryer, Anthony (1975). "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 29: 127. doi:10.2307/1291371. ISSN 0070-7546 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ Türkçe bilgi On line history (in Turkish)
  3. ^ Yılmaz Öztuna:Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Kültür bakanlığı, 1996, ISBN 975-1704-715 pp.86-87
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