List of plant orders

This article lists the living orders of the Viridiplantae, based primarily on the work of Ruggiero et al. 2015.[1] Living order of Lycophytes and ferns are taken from Christenhusz et al. 2011b[2] and Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.[3] Living orders of Gymnosperms are added from Christenhusz et al. 2011a[4] while extinct orders are from Anderson, Anderson & Cleal 2007.[5]

Division Prasinodermophyta

Class Prasinodermophyceae

  • Order Prasinodermatales[6]

Class Palmophyllophyceae

  • Order Prasinococcales
  • Order Palmophyllales

Division Chlorophyta

Subdivision Prasinophytina

Class Mamiellophyceae

  • Order Monomastigales
  • Order Dolichomastigales
  • Order Mamiellales

Class Pyramimonadophyceae

  • Order Pyramimonadales

Subdivision Chlorophytina

Class Nephroselmidophyceae

  • Order Nephroselmidales

Class Picocystophyceae

  • Order Picocystales
  • Order ?Pseudoscourfieldiales

Class Chloropicophyceae

  • Order Chloropicales

Class Pedinophyceae

  • Order ?Scourfieldiales
  • Order Marsupiomonadales
  • Order Pedinomonadales

Class Chlorodendrophyceae

Class Trebouxiophyceae

  • Order ?Phyllosiphonales
  • Order Chlorellales
  • Order Prasiolales
  • Order Microthamniales
  • Order Trebouxiales

Class Ulvophyceae

  • Order Ignatiales
  • Order Oltmannsiellopsidales
  • Order Scotinosphaerales
  • Order Ulotrichales
  • Order Ulvales
  • Order Trentepohliales
  • Order Cladophorales
  • Order Dasycladales
  • Order Bryopsidales

Class Chlorophyceae

  • Order Chaetopeltidales
  • Order Chaetophorales
  • Order Chlamydomonadales
  • Order Chlorococcales
  • Order Microsporales
  • Order Oedogoniales
  • Order Sphaeropleales
  • Order Tetrasporales

Division Streptophyta

Subdivision Chlorokybophytina

Class Mesostigmatophyceae

Class Chlorokybophyceae

Subdivision Klebsormidiophyinta

Class Klebsormidiophyceae

Subdivision Charophytina

Class Charophyceae

  • Order †Sycidiales
  • Order †Chovanellales
  • Order †Moellerinales
  • Order Charales (Stoenworts & musk grasses)

Subdivision Coleochaetophytina

Class Coleochaetophyceae

Subdivision Zygnematophytina

Class Zygnematophyceae

  • Order Spirogloeales
  • Order Zygnematales
  • Order Mesotaeniales
  • Order Desmidiales

Subdivision Anthocerotophytina

Source:[7]

Class Leiosporocerotopsida

  • Order Leiosporocerotales

Class Anthocerotopsida

  • Order Anthocerotales
  • Order Notothyladales
  • Order Phymatocerotales
  • Order Dendrocerotales

Subdivision Marchantiophytina

Source:[7]

Class Haplomitriopsida

  • Order Treubiales
  • Order Calobryales

Class Marchantiopsida

  • Subclass Blasiidae
    • Order Blasiales
  • Subclass Marchantiidae (Complex thalloid liverworts)
    • Order Neohodgsoniales
    • Order Sphaerocarpales
    • Order Lunulariales (crescent-cup liverwort)
    • Order Marchantiales

Class Jungermanniopsida

  • Subclass Pelliidae
    • Order Pelliales
    • Order Pallaviciniales
    • Order Fossombroniales
  • Subclass Metzgeriidae
    • Order Pleuroziales
    • Order Metzgeriales
  • Subclass Jungermanniidae (leafy liverworts)
    • Order Porellales
    • Order Ptilidiales
    • Order Jungermanniales

Subdivision Bryophytina

Source:[8]

Class Takakiopsida

Class Sphagnopsida

  • Order †Protosphagnales
  • Order Ambuchananiales
  • Order Sphagnales (Peat/bog mosses)

Class Andreaeobryopsida

Class Andreaeopsida

Class Oedipodiopsida

Class Tetraphidopsida

Class Polytrichopsida

Class Bryopsida

  • Subclass Buxbaumiidae
  • Subclass Diphysciidae
    • Order Diphysciales
  • Subclass Gigaspermidae
    • Order Gigaspermales
  • Subclass Funariidae
    • Order Disceliales
    • Order Encalyptales
    • Order Funariales
  • Subclass Timmiidae
    • Order Timmiales
  • Subclass Dicranidae (Haplolepideous mosses)
    • Order Archidiales
    • Order Pseudoditrichales
    • Order Catoscopiales
    • Order Scouleriales
    • Order Bryoxiphiales
    • Order Grimmiales
    • Order Pottiales
    • Order Dicranales
  • Subclass Bryidae (Diplolepideous-alternate mosses)
    • Superorder Bryanae
      • Order Splachnales
      • Order Hedwigiales
      • Order Bartramiales
      • Order Bryales
      • Order Rhizogoniales
      • Order Orthotrichales
      • Order Orthodontiales
      • Order Aulacomniales
    • Superorder Hypnanae
      • Order Hypnodendrales
      • Order Ptychomniales
      • Order Hypopterygiales
      • Order Hookeriales
      • Order Hypnales

Clade †Horneophytina

Class †Horneophytopsida

  • Order †Horneophytales

Subdivision Tracheophytina

Source:[9]

Class †Cooksoniopsida

  • Order †Cooksoniales

Class †Rhyniopsida

  • Order ?†Yarraviales
  • Order ?†Taeniocradales
  • Order †Rhyniales

Clade †Zosterophyllophyta

Class Lycopodiopsida

  • Order †Drepanophycales
  • Subclass †Asteroxylidae
    • Order ?†Thursophytales
    • Order †Asteroxylales
  • Subclass Lycopodiidae
  • Subclass †Prolepidodendridae
    • Order †Protolepidodendrales
  • Subclass Selaginellidae (Spikemosses; rose of Jericho; resurrection plant; Engels moss)

Class †Eophyllophytopsida

  • Order †Eophyllophytales

Class †Trimerophytopsida

  • Order †Trimerophytales

Clade Pteridophyta

Class †Noeggerathiopsida

  • Order †Discinitiales
  • Order †Noeggerathiales
  • Order †Tingiales

Class †Aneurophytopsida

  • Order †Scougonophytales
  • Order †Aneurophytales

Class †Archaeopteridopsida

  • Order †Cecropsidales
  • Order †Archaeopteridales

Incertae sedis

  • Order †Protopityales
  • Order †Stenokoleales

Clade Spermatophyta

References

  1. ^ Ruggiero MA, Gordon DP, Orrell TM, Bailly N, Bourgoin T, Brusca RC, et al. (2015). "A higher level classification of all living organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.
  2. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
  3. ^ Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (November 2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  4. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Reveal, James L.; Farjon, Aljos; Gardner, Martin F.; Mill, R.R.; Chase, Mark W. (2011). "A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 55–70. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.3.
  5. ^ Anderson; Anderson; Cleal (2007). "Brief history of the gymnosperms: classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology". Strelitzia. 20. SANBI: 280. ISBN 978-1-919976-39-6.
  6. ^ Linzhou Li; Sibo Wang; Hongli Wang; Sunil Kumar Sahu; Birger Marin; Haoyuan Li; Yan Xu; Hongping Liang; Zhen Li; Shifeng Chen; Tanja Reder; Zehra Çebi; Sebastian Wittek; Morten Petersen; Barbara Melkonian; Hongli Du; Huanming Yang; Jian Wang; Gane Ka-Shu Wong; Xun Xu; Xin Liu; Yves Van de Peer; Michael Melkonian; Huan Liu (22 June 2020). "The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (9): 1220–1231. Bibcode:2020NatEE...4.1220L. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7. PMC 7455551. PMID 32572216.
  7. ^ a b Söderström; et al. (2016). "World checklist of hornworts and liverworts". PhytoKeys (59): 1–826. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.59.6261. PMC 4758082. PMID 26929706.
  8. ^ Goffinet, B.; Buck, W.R. (4 March 2014). "Classification of extant moss genera". Classification of the Bryophyta. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  9. ^ Novíkov; Barabaš-Krasni (2015). Modern plant systematics. Liga-Pres. p. 685. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164. ISBN 978-966-397-276-3.
  10. ^ Hao, Shougang & Xue, Jinzhuang (2013), The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan: a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and early diversification of vascular plants, Beijing: Science Press, p. 366, ISBN 978-7-03-036616-0, retrieved 2019-10-25
  11. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
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