Outline of Middle-earth

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the real-world history and notable fictional elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy universe. It covers materials created by Tolkien; the works on his unpublished manuscripts, by his son Christopher Tolkien; and films, games and other media created by other people.

Middle-earth – fantasy setting created by Tolkien, home to hobbits, orcs, ents, dragons, and many other races and creatures.

Primary sources

Authors

Published works

Further information: J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography

By J. R. R. Tolkien

Posthumously published
  • Bilbo's Last Song (1974) – Dutch translation published 1973
  • "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" (1975) – also known as "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings"
  • The Silmarillion (1977)
  • Pictures by J. R. R. Tolkien (1979) – text by Christopher Tolkien. Most of these pictures had been previously published in calendars by Ballantine Books (1973) and George Allen & Unwin (1974, 1976–1979), some of them coloured by H. E. Riddett.
  • Unfinished Tales (1980)
  • J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator (1995) – text by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
  • The Art of The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien (2011) – text by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull
  • The Art of The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien (2015) – text by Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull

Edited by Christopher Tolkien

These works present extended selections of Tolkien's legendarium (the large body of documents relating to The Silmarillion), with extensive notes and posthumous editing by his son Christopher. The separate 4-volume body of his comments on the drafts of The Lord of the Rings is included as volumes 6–9.

The History of Middle-earth
Early legendarium
1 The Book of Lost Tales 1 (1983)
2 The Book of Lost Tales 2 (1984)
3 The Lays of Beleriand (1985)
4 The Shaping of Middle-earth (1986)
5 The Lost Road and Other Writings (1987)
The History of The Lord of the Rings
6 [1] The Return of the Shadow (1988)
7 [2] The Treason of Isengard (1989)
8 [3] The War of the Ring (1990)
9 [4] Sauron Defeated (1992)
The later Silmarillion
10 [1] Morgoth's Ring (1993)
11 [2] The War of the Jewels (1994)
Further details
12 The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996)

Additional materials from the legendarium, with Christopher Tolkien's commentary.

Edited by other scholars

  • The Annotated Hobbit (1988) – text of The Hobbit, with many related texts by Tolkien, edited and with commentary by Douglas A. Anderson (revised edition 2002)
  • The Nature of Middle-earth (2021) – essays and fragments, including on Elvish linguistics, with commentary by the scholar Carl F. Hostetter
  • The History of The Hobbit (2007) – 2 volumes on the construction of The Hobbit with commentary by the scholar John D. Rateliff

Audio recordings

  • Poems and Songs of Middle Earth (1967), Caedmon TC 1231 – poems read by Tolkien; songs sung by William Elvin, accompanied by composer Donald Swann (as published in The Road Goes Ever On)
  • J. R. R. Tolkien Reads and Sings his The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings (1975), Caedmon TC 1477, TC 1478 (based on an August, 1952 recording by George Sayer)
  • J. R. R. Tolkien The Silmarillion Of Beren And Lúthien (1977), Caedmon TC 1564 – Christopher Tolkien reads chapter 19 of The Silmarillion, slightly abridged

Graphical works

Translation

Adaptations and developments

See also: Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien, Adaptations of The Hobbit, and Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings

Maps

Main article: Tolkien's maps

Spoken word

  • The Hobbit (1974) – Nicol Williamson recorded an abridged, dramatic version for Decca Records on the Argo label
  • The Lord of the Rings (1990) – unabridged recording by Rob Inglis for Recorded Books
  • The Hobbit (1991) – unabridged recording by Rob Inglis for Recorded Books
  • The Children of Húrin (2007) – Christopher Lee recorded an unabridged audiobook
  • The Hobbit (2020) – Andy Serkis live-streamed an unabridged reading to raise money for NHS Charities Together
  • The Hobbit (2020) – unabridged recording by Andy Serkis for HarperCollinsUK and Recorded Books
  • The Lord of the Rings (2021) – unabridged recording by Andy Serkis for HarperCollinsUK and Recorded Books

Radio

  • The Lord of the Rings (1955) – BBC: six 45-minute episodes for The Fellowship of the Ring, then six 30-minute episodes for all of The Two Towers and The Return of the King, adapted by Terence Tiller
  • The Hobbit (1968) – BBC: eight half-hour episodes, adapted by Michael Kilgarriff
  • The Lord of the Rings (1979) – National Public Radio: totalling over 11 hours, adapted by Bernard Mayes
  • The Lord of the Rings (1981) – BBC: 26 half-hour instalments, later re-cut to 13 hour-long instalments, adapted by Brian Sibley and Michael Bakewell
  • Der Herr der Ringe (1991) – Südwestrundfunk and Westdeutscher Rundfunk: German adaptation of The Lord of the Rings in 30 half-hour episodes, by Peter F. Steinbach

Motion pictures

Main article: Middle-earth in motion pictures

Peter Jackson

Stage

  • Rob Inglis wrote and performed one-man adaptations of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings starting in the 1970s
  • Lord of the Rings (2006) – Musical staged in Toronto, re-written for London in 2007

Games

Tabletop games

Video games

Main article: Middle-earth in video games

Parodies

Geography

Cosmology of Eä

Main article: Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium

Continents of Arda

Nations and regions

Main article: Geography of Middle-earth

Natural features

Cities and other populated places

History

See also: History of Arda

Artefacts

Events

First Age
Third Age

Characters

Main article: List of Middle-earth characters

First Age

House of Finwë

House of Elwë and Olwë

House of Marach

Others

Second Age

Third Age

Thorin and Company

The Company of the Ring

Wizards:

Elves

Men

Other characters

Culture

Races

Main article: Middle-earth peoples

Ainur

Men

Monsters

Other

Languages

Main article: Languages of Middle-earth

Elvish languages

Other

Folklore and poetry

Analysis

Influences

Components

Literary devices

Sources

Themes

Main article: Themes of The Lord of the Rings

Music

Scholarship

Main pages: Tolkien research and Category:Tolkien studies

Institutions

  • Marion E. Wade Center
  • Signum University

Journals

Scholars

Biographical works

  • J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography (1977) – by Humphrey Carpenter
  • Tolkien and the Great War (2003) – by John Garth
  • The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary (2006) – by Peter Gilliver, Jeremy Marshall and Edmund Weiner

Works

See also

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