Outline of Spain
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Spain[a] or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa.[b] Featuring the southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state. Spanning across the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Málaga, Murcia, and Palma de Mallorca. Spain's population as of April 2025 is 49,153,849[1]
General reference
- Pronunciation:
- English /speɪn/ ⓘ
- Spanish: pronounced [esˈpaɲa] ⓘ)
- Common English country name: Spain
- Official English country name: The Kingdom of Spain
- Common endonym: España
- Official endonym: Reino de España
- Adjectival: Spanish
- Demonym: Spaniard
- Etymology: Name of Spain
- International rankings of Spain
- ISO country codes: ES, ESP, 724
- ISO region codes: ISO 3166-2:ES
- Internet country code top-level domain: .es
- International Direct Dialing uses the prefix +34. Then a first digit 9 or 8 indicates a fixed landline, 6 or 7 are for mobile cellphones
Geography of Spain
- Time zones:
- Canary Islands – Western European Time (UTC+00), Western European Summer Time (UTC+01)
- Rest of Spain – Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02)
- Extreme points of Spain
- High: Teide on Tenerife 3,718 m (12,198 ft) - highest point in all of Spain
Mulhacén 3,479 m (11,414 ft) - highest point in continental Spain - Low: North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea 0 m
- High: Teide on Tenerife 3,718 m (12,198 ft) - highest point in all of Spain
- Land boundaries: 1,918 km
- Coastline: 4,964 km
Location
- Northern Hemisphere, on the Prime Meridian
- Eurasia
- Europe
- Southern Europe
- Western Europe
- Iberian Peninsula – Spain occupies most of this peninsula, sharing it with Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar:
- Europe
Map of Latin Europe
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- Population of Spain: 49,153,849 (April 2025) - 31th most populous country
- Area of Spain: 504,030 km2
- Second largest country in Western Europe (behind France)
- Altitude:
- Average altitude: 650 m
- Rank: second highest country in Europe (behind Switzerland)
- Atlas of Spain
Environment of Spain
- Geology of Spain
- Climate of Spain
- Renewable energy in Spain
- Environmental issues in Spain
- Biosphere reserves in Spain
- National parks of Spain
- Sites of Community Importance in Spain
- Wildlife of Spain
- Fauna of Spain
- Birds of Spain
- Mammals of Spain
- Fauna of Spain
Natural geographic features of Spain
- Beaches in Spain
- Glaciers of Spain
- Islands of Spain
- Lakes of Spain
- Mountains of Spain
- Volcanoes in Spain
- Rivers of Spain
- World Heritage Sites in Spain
Regions of Spain
Ecological regions of Spain
- Ecoregions in Spain
Administrative divisions of Spain
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Administrative divisions of Spain
Autonomous communities of Spain
Autonomous communities of Spain – each has its own parliament and government
- By name:
- By statistic:
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Autonomous cities of Spain
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Autonomous cities of Spain – less autonomous than the autonomous communities, but with more autonomy than Spain's other cities
Other territory
- Spanish exclaves:
- Places of sovereignty near Morocco, consisting of:
Provinces of Spain
- Spanish provinces by area
- Spanish provinces by coastline
- Spanish provinces by population
- Spanish provinces by name:
Comarcas of Spain
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- Comarcas of Aragon
- Comarcas of Asturias
- Comarques of Catalonia
- Comarques of the Valencian Community
Municipalities of Spain
- Capital of Spain: Madrid
- Metropolitan areas in Spain
- List of municipalities (cities) of Spain – Spain's approximately 8100 municipalities comprise the basic level of Spanish local government
- Autonomous cities of Spain
- Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities
Demography of Spain
Government and politics of Spain
Spain is a:
- Form of government: Constitutional monarchy
- Capital of Spain: Madrid
- Anarchism in Spain
- Elections in Spain
- General elections in Spain
- 2017 Catalan independence referendum
- Political parties in Spain
- Partido Popular or PP Mainstream Centre-Right associated with the main Employers Organization and clerics
- Partido Socialista Obrero Español mainstream social-democrats linked to Unión General de Trabajadores trade union and the Confederación Empresarial de Economia Social
- Sumar, a coalition of smaller left-wing parties.
- Political parties in Catalonia
- Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
- Social Security in Spain
- Taxation in Spain
- Corruption in Spain
Monarchy of Spain
- Head of state: King of Spain, Felipe VI
- Heads of state of Spain
- Titles and honours of the Spanish Crown
- Titles and honours of Felipe VI of Spain
- Line of succession to the Spanish Throne
- Monarchs of Spain family tree
- Christmas Eve National Speech
- Coat of arms of the King of Spain
- Royal Household of Spain
- Spanish Royal Family
- Spanish royal sites
- Spanish nobility
- Bourbon claim to the Spanish throne
- Caballerizo mayor
- Camarera mayor de Palacio
- Chamber of Peers (Spain)
- Crown of Aragon
- Descendants of Charles III of Spain
- Coat of arms of the Prince of Asturias
- Ancestry of Felipe VI of Spain
- Gentilhombres de cámara con ejercicio
- Imperator totius Hispaniae
- Ancestry of Juan Carlos I of Spain
- Kingdom of Gibraltar
- List of titles and honours of Leonor, Princess of Asturias
- Queen Letizia of Spain
- Line of succession to the Spanish throne
- List of titles and honours of Juan Carlos I of Spain
- List of titles and honours of Queen Letizia of Spain
- Mayordomo mayor
- Mayordomos de semana
- Nóos case
- Patrimonio Nacional
- Royal descendants of John William Friso
- Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain
- Royal Standard of Spain
- List of titles and honours of Queen Sofía of Spain
- Sumiller de Corps
Branches of the government of Spain
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Executive branch of the government of Spain
- Head of state: King of Spain, Felipe VI
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Spain (Presidente del Gobierno), Pedro Sánchez
- List of prime ministers of Spain
- Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
- Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
- Cabinet of Spain (Council of Ministers)
Legislative branch of the government of Spain
- Parliament of Spain – bicameral legislature of Spain, consisting of:
Judicial branch of the government of Spain
Foreign relations of Spain
- Diplomatic missions in Spain
- Diplomatic missions of Spain
- Centro Nacional de Inteligencia
International organization membership
The Kingdom of Spain is a member of:[2]
Law and order in Spain
- Crime in Spain
- Human rights in Spain
- Civil unions in Spain
- LGBT rights in Spain
- Freedom of the press in Spain
- Freedom of religion in Spain
- Law enforcement in Spain
- Capital punishment in Spain
- Constitution of Spain
- Historical Memory Law – recognizes the victims on both sides of the Spanish Civil War, gives rights to the victims and the descendants of victims of the Civil War and the subsequent dictatorship of General Francisco Franco, and formally condemns the Franco Regime
- Spanish referendum on the European Constitution
Military of Spain
- Command
- Forces
- Army of Spain
- Navy of Spain
- Air Force of Spain
- Spanish Legion
- Special forces of Spain
- Military history of Spain
- Military ranks of Spain
Local government in Spain
Local government in Spain
- List of Spanish regional governments
- List of Spanish regional legislatures
History of Spain
History of Spain by period
- Prehistoric Iberia
- Timeline of pre-Roman Iberian history
- Carthaginian Iberia
- Hispania
- Timeline of the history of Roman Hispania
- Spain in the Middle Ages
- Habsburg Spain
- Enlightenment Spain
- Mid-nineteenth century Spain
- Spanish confiscation
- First Spanish Republic
- Spain under the Restoration
- Second Spanish Republic
- Spanish Civil War
- Spain under Franco
- Modern Spain
History of Spain by region
By autonomous community
- History of Andalusia
- History of Aragon
- History of Asturias
- History of the Balearic Islands
- History of Basque Country
- History of the Canary Islands
- History of Cantabria
- History of Castilla-La Mancha
- History of Castile and León
- History of Catalonia
- History of Extremadura
- History of Galicia
- History of La Rioja
- History of the Community of Madrid
- History of the Region of Murcia
- History of Navarre
- History of the Valencian Community
By city
- History of Madrid
- History of Barcelona
- History of Valencia
- History of Seville
- History of Zaragoza
- History of Málaga
- History of Murcia
- History of Palma
- History of Las Palmas
- History of Bilbao
- History of Alicante
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History of Spain by subject
- Chivalry in Spain
- Economic history of Spain
- Literature in Medieval Spain
- Military history of Spain
- List of Spanish wars
- Spanish knights orders
- List of ships of the line of Spain
- List of battleships of Spain
- Spanish aircraft carrier Príncipe de Asturias
- Spanish ship Juan Carlos I (L61)
- Spanish Armada
- Religious history of Spain
Culture of Spain
- Cuisine of Spain
- Paella
- Paella negra, also called Arròs negre
- Cocido
- Cocido madrileño
- Cocido lebaniego
- Cocido montañés
- Paella
- Festivals in Spain
- Media in Spain
- National symbols of Spain
- Coat of arms of Spain
- Coats of arms of the autonomous communities of Spain
- Flag of Spain
- Flags of the autonomous communities of Spain
- National anthem of Spain (Marcha Real)
- Anthems of the autonomous communities of Spain
- National motto: Plus Ultra
- Coat of arms of Spain
- Prostitution in Spain
- Public holidays in Spain
- Records of Spain
- Scouting in Spain
- World Heritage Sites in Spain
Art in Spain
- Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain
- Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin
- Television in Spain
- Spanish Golden Age
- Spanish Baroque Painting
- Spanish Renaissance
Architecture of Spain
- By location
- Architecture of Barcelona
- Architecture of Madrid
- Romanesque churches in Madrid
- Architecture of Cantabria
- By period
- By type
- Castles in Spain
- Cathedrals in Spain
- Missing landmarks in Spain
Cinema of Spain
- Spanish films
- Spanish directors
- Luis Buñuel – first Spanish director to achieve universal recognition
- Pedro Almodóvar – achieved universal recognition in the 1980s
- Segundo de Chomón
- Florián Rey
- Luis García Berlanga
- Juan Antonio Bardem
- Carlos Saura
- Julio Médem
- Alejandro Amenábar
Dance in Spain
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Literature of Spain
Literature of Spain — Castilian (Spanish) literature
- By genre
- Spanish poetry
- Spanish comics
- By region
- Galician literature
Music of Spain
- By genre
- Spanish opera
- Spanish folk music
- Flamenco
- Catalan rumba
- Spanish rock
- Spanish hip hop
- By region
- Music of Andalusia
- Music of Aragon
- Music of the Balearic Islands
- Music of the Basque
- Music of the Canary Islands
- Music of Castile, Madrid and León
- Music of Catalonia
- Music of Extremadura
- Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias
- Music of Murcia
- Music of Navarre and La Rioja
- Music of Valencia
- Benidorm International Song Festival - Festivals
- Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest
Painting in Spain
- Spanish painters
- Alonso Cano
- Juan Carreño de Miranda
- Ramon Casas i Carbó
- Claudio Coello
- Salvador Dalí
- Mariano Fortuny
- Francisco Goya
- El Greco (born in Creta).
- Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
- Pablo Picasso
- José de Ribera
- Santiago Rusiñol
- Enrique Simonet
- Joaquín Sorolla
- Diego Velázquez
- Ignacio Zuloaga
- Francisco de Zurbarán
Sculpture in Spain
- Lady of Elche
- Lady of Baza
- El Oso y el Madroño
- Spanish sculptors
- Mariano Benlliure
Language in Spain
People of Spain
- Regional ethnic groups:
- Andalusian people
- Aragonese people
- Asturian people
- Balearic people
- Basque people
- Canarian people
- Cantabrian people
- Castilian people
- Catalan people
- Extremaduran people
- Galician people
- Leonese people
- Valencian people
- Other groups:
Religion and belief systems in Spain
- Irreligion in Spain
- Religion in Spain
- Christianity in Spain
- Catholicism in Spain
- Protestantism in Spain
- Monasteries in Spain
- Cathedrals in Spain
- Bahá'í Faith in Spain
- Hinduism in Spain
- Islam in Spain
- Judaism in Spain
- Paganism in Spain
- Odinist Community of Spain — Ásatrú
Sports in Spain
- Football in Spain
- Chess in Spain
- Spanish Chess Championship
- Spain at the Olympics
Economy and infrastructure of Spain
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2024): 15th
- Agriculture in Spain
- Banking in Spain
- Companies of Spain
- Currency of Spain: Euro (see also: Euro topics)
- Economic history of Spain
- Energy in Spain
- Healthcare in Spain
- Mining in Spain
- Social Security in Spain
- Madrid Stock Exchange
- Barcelona Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Spain
- Water supply and sanitation in Spain
Communications in Spain
Communications in Spain
- Internet in Spain
- Television stations in Spain
- Radio stations in Spain
- Spanish newspapers
- Postal codes in Spain
Transport in Spain
- Air transport in Spain
- Airports in Spain
- EADS CASA – defunct aircraft manufacturer
- Rail transport in Spain
- Rapid transit in Spain
- List of town tramway systems in Spain
- History of rail transport in Spain
- AVE, Spanish High Speed
- Renfe, National Network of the Spanish Railways
- Cercanías, commuter rail services
- Euskotren Trena
- Rodalíes
- FEVE, Narrow Gauge Railways
- Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
- Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana
- Serveis Ferroviaris de Mallorca
- Talgo – train manufacturer
- Road transport in Spain
- Roads in Spain (carreteras)
- List of national roads in Spain (carreteras nacionales)
- Highways in Spain (autopistas and autovías)
- Vehicle registration plates of Spain
- Road vehicle manufacturers
- Car manufacturers
- Motorcycle manufacturers
- Montesa Honda – Spanish subsidiary of Honda, manufactures motorcycles and bicycles
- History of road transport in Spain
- Abadal automobile
- Biscúter automobile
- Bultaco – defunct motorcycle manufacturer
- Hispano-Suiza – defunct car manufacturer
- Pegaso – defunct car manufacturer
- Roads in Spain (carreteras)
Education in Spain
- Spanish universities
- List of universities in Spain (organized by autonomous communities)
See also
- List of international rankings
- List of Spain-related topics
- Member state of the European Union
- Member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Europe
- Outline of geography
Notes
- ^ Spanish: España, [esˈpaɲa] ⓘ
- ^ See list of transcontinental countries.
References
- ^ "INEbase / Continuous Population Statistics (CPS). 1 April 2025. Provisional data". ine.es. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
- ^ "Spain". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
External links
- Overviews
- Encyclopædia Britannica's Spain Portal site
- IberiaNature A guide to the environment, geography, climate, wildlife, natural history and landscape of Spain
- Library of Congress Spain Country Series site
- Local Spanish news and features
- Maps of Spain: satellite images, relief maps, outlines and themed maps of Spanish autonomous communities, provinces and municipalities
- Spain: CIA World Factbook entry — updated in May 2006
- Spain: The Economist Country Briefings entry
- Government
- administracion.es e-government Portal
- Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria — Tax Agency
- Casa Real.es - Spanish Royal Family
- Congreso de los Diputados — Congress of Deputies
- Dates in Spanish history
- El Senado - Senate
- La Moncloa.es — Prime Minister
- Other
- INEBase — National Institute of Statistics
- Languages of Spain
- Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Official Website of Tourism in Spain
- History of Spain Primary history documents