The Tangkic languages form a small language family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia.
The Tangkic languages are Lardil (Leerdil) and its special register Damin, Kayardild, and Yukulta (also known as Ganggalida or Nyangga). Of these Lardil is quite divergent, while Yukulta and Kayardild are mutually intelligible.
The extinct and poorly attested Minkin language may have been part of the Tangkic family.[1]
Vocabulary
Capell (1942) lists the following basic vocabulary items:[2]
| English |
Laːdil |
Neːmarang
|
| man
|
jugadbaɖa |
bidinaŋga
|
| woman
|
binŋin |
magudaŋga
|
| head
|
lälga |
nälda
|
| eye
|
gɔa |
miːbul
|
| nose
|
njulda |
girga
|
| mouth
|
Lämin |
wara
|
| tongue
|
djalda Lämin |
djärŋana
|
| wallaby
|
gandjin |
magurag
|
| crow
|
waːga |
djaɖag
|
| sun
|
warga |
wargu
|
| moon
|
giɖigiɽ |
waldar
|
| fire
|
njuda |
ŋida
|
| smoke
|
ḏuŋal |
wadu
|
| water
|
ŋoga |
ŋogo
|
| raft
|
wälba |
wälbu
|
| paddle
|
bilir |
bilir
|
| father
|
ganda |
ganda
|
| mother
|
ŋama |
|
| sky, above
|
vägiri, walman |
warmu
|
| ground
|
duLga |
duLga
|
| wind
|
wanŋal |
warma
|
| snake
|
jälbur |
jälbur
|
| food
|
vɛnɛ |
wulaŋ
|
| ashes
|
bɔrbo |
galar
|
| sea
|
mäla |
mala
|
| whirlwind
|
warguḏulɛn |
danamaŋ
|
References
|
|---|
|
|---|
| North |
- Adithinngithigh
- Andjingith
- Anguthimri
- Alngith
- Linnithigh
- Mpakwithi
- Ndra'ngith
- Arritinngithigh
- Awngthim
- Luthigh
- Mbiywom
- Ndrangith
- Ndwa'ngith
- Ngkoth
- Unjadi
- Uradhi
|
|---|
| Northeast | |
|---|
| Wik | |
|---|
| Lamalamic | |
|---|
| Yalanjic | |
|---|
| Southwest | |
|---|
| Norman | |
|---|
| Thaypan |
- Alungul
- Angkula
- Aghu Tharrnggala
- Ikarranggal
- Takalak
- Thaypan
|
|---|
| Southern | |
|---|
| Other |
- Djabugay
- Flinders Island
- Gugadj
- Kok Narr
- Mbariman-Gudhinma
- Umbindhamu
|
|---|
|
|
|
|
|---|
| Yotayotic | |
|---|
| Kulinic | Kolakngat
|
|---|
| Lower Murray |
- Keramin
- Ngayawung
- Yaralde
- Yitha-Yitha
- Yuyu
|
|---|
| Thura-Yura | |
|---|
| Mirniny | |
|---|
| Nyungic |
- Galaagu
- Kalaamaya
- Natingero
- Nyungar
|
|---|
|
|
|
|---|
| Kartu | |
|---|
| Kanyara–Mantharta |
- Kanyara
- Burduna–Baiyungu
- Thalanyji–Pinikura
- Mantharta
- Tharrgari
- Warriyangka
- Thiin
- Jiwarli
|
|---|
| Ngayarta | |
|---|
| Marrngu | |
|---|
|
|
|
|---|
| Ngumpin–Yapa | |
|---|
| Warumungu | |
|---|
| Warluwaric | |
|---|
| Kalkatungic | |
|---|
| Mayi |
- Mayi-Kulan
- Mayi-Kutuna
- Ngawun
|
|---|
| Yolŋu | |
|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|---|
Pama–Nyungan subgroups | | Southeastern | | Victorian P–N | |
|---|
| New South Wales P–N |
- Yuin–Kuric
- Dhanggati ?
- Anewan (Nganyaywana) ?
- Central New South Wales
|
|---|
| North Coast | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Northern | | | Paman | |
|---|
| Maric |
- Northern
- Eastern
- Southern
- Bindal ?
- Guwa–Yanda ?
- Kingkel ?
- Lower Burdekin ?
|
|---|
| Dyirbalic | |
|---|
| Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic | |
|---|
| Gulf | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Central | | Arandic–Thura–Yura | |
|---|
| Karnic |
- Northern (Palku)
- Western
- Central
- Eastern
|
|---|
|
|
|---|
| Western | | Yolŋu | |
|---|
| Ngarna/Warluwarric | |
|---|
| Desert Nyungic |
- Marrngu
- Ngumpin–Yapa
- Wati
|
|---|
| South-West P–N |
- Pilbara
- Ngayarda
- Kanyara–Mantharta
- Kartu–Nhanda
- Mirning
- Nyunga
|
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
| |
|---|
| Garrwan |
- Garawa (Garrwa, north)
- Waanyi (Wanji, south)
- Gunindiri (Kurnindirri, southwest)
|
|---|
| Macro-Gunwinyguan ? | |
|---|
| Iwaidjan | | Central (Warrkbi) | |
|---|
| Eastern (Goulburn Island) | |
|---|
| Southern | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Marrku–Wurrugu ? | |
|---|
| Darwin Region ? | | | Limilngan–Wulna? | |
|---|
| Umbugarlic |
- Umbugarla
- Ngurmbur
- Bugurnidja
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Daly River Sprachbund | | Wagaydyic (Anson Bay) |
- Batjamalh (Wadjiginy)
- Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)
- Giyug ?
|
|---|
| Northern Daly | |
|---|
| Western Daly | |
|---|
| Eastern Daly |
- Matngele (Werret/Dakayu)
- Kamu
|
|---|
| Southern Daly | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Mirndi |
|
|---|
| Jarrakan | |
|---|
| Bunuban | |
|---|
| Worrorran | |
|---|
| Nyulnyulan | | Western (Nyulnyulic) |
- Nyulnyul
- Bardi
- Jawi
- Djabirr-Djabirr
- Nimanburru
|
|---|
| Eastern (Dyukun) |
- Yawuru
- Dyugun
- Warrwa
- Nyigina
- Ngumbarl
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Others | |
|---|
Tasmanian family-level groups | | Western |
- Northwestern Tasmanian (Peerapper)
- Southwestern Tasmanian (Toogee) ?
|
|---|
| Northern |
- Northern Tasmanian (Tommeginne)
- Port Sorell
|
|---|
| Northeastern |
- Pyemmairre (Northeastern)
- Tyerrernotepanner (North Midland)
- Lhotsky/Blackhouse
- Norman
|
|---|
| Eastern |
- Oyster Bay (Paredarerme)
- Little Swanport
- Southeast Tasmanian (Nuenonne)
- Bruny Island
|
|---|
|
|---|
New Indigenous languages and Aboriginal Englishes | |
|---|
| Proto-languages | |
|---|
Italics indicate individual languages |