This is a timeline of Georgian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Georgia and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Georgia. See also the List of Georgian Kings and Queens.
6200 BC - 4000 BC
| Event
|
| Shulaveri: a late Neolithic/Eneolithic culture that existed on the territory of present-day Georgia, Azerbaijan and the Armenian Highlands. The culture is dated to mid-6th or early-5th millennia BC and is thought to be one of the earliest known Neolithic cultures; started in c.6000 BC and lasted until 4000 BC.
|
4000 BC - 2200 BC
| Event
|
| Trialeti culture. The Trialeti age was a second culture to appear in what is present-day Georgia, after the Shulaveri age and it lasted from 4000 BC to 2200 BC.
|
3400 BC - 2000 BC
| Event
|
| Kura-Araxes culture. It mostly encompassed, on modern-day territories, the Southern Caucasus (except western Georgia), northwestern Iran, the northeastern Caucasus, eastern Turkey, and as far as Syria.
|
2500 BC - 760 BC
| Event
|
| Diauehi. A coalition of tribes, or kingdoms, located in northeastern Anatolia, that was formed in the 12th century BC in the post-Hittite period. It is mentioned in the Urartian inscriptions. It is usually (though not always) identified with Daiaeni of the Yonjalu inscription of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser I's third year (1118 BC). Diauehi is a possible locus of proto-Kartvelian; it has been described as an "important tribal formation of possible proto-Georgians" by Ronald Grigor Suny (1994).
|
1200 BC - 600 BC
| Event
|
| Colchian culture. Late Bronze Age and Iron Age culture of the western Caucasus, mostly in what is present-day western Georgia.
|
1112 BC
| Event
|
| King Sien of Diauehi leads a large tribal coalition of tribes to stall Assyrian advances. He is captured by Assyrians, forcibly submitted to King Tiglath-Pileser I and later released on terms of vassalage. Tribal alliance of 20,000 Mushks commanded by 5 kings and Kaskian warriors is also defeated by Assyrians in the same year.
|
760 BC
| Event
|
| Despite numerous attempts of its King Utupurshi of Diauehi to salvage the nation, Diauehi is finally destroyed by the emerging power of Urartu. It is partitioned between Urartu and the entity of Colchis.
|
700 BC
600 BC
| Event
|
| Kingdom of Colchis appears. Described as being "the earliest Georgian formation", it was kingdom and region in Western Georgia, which played an important role in the ethnic and cultural formation of the Georgians. The Kingdom of Colchis, which existed from the 6th to the 1st centuries BC is regarded as another Georgian state and the term Colchians was used as the collective term for tribes which populated the eastern coast of the Black Sea. Colchis was populated by Colchians, an early Lazuri speaking tribe, ancestral to the contemporary Western Georgians, namely Svans and Mingrelians, as well as the related Lazs.
|
500 BC
| Event
|
| Colchians are mentioned in the Histories of Herodotus alongside Persians and Medes which undoubtedly points out their significant role as well as famed strength renowned throughout the Ancient World.
|
302 BC
| Event
|
| Kingdom of Iberia, centred in what is present-day eastern Georgia, is founded as an official monarchy by its first king Pharnavaz I of Iberia, after defeating Azo, his predecessor and usurper to the throne. Pharnabazid dynasty is established.
|
| Xenophon, a Greek mercenary and distinguished historical writer of Antiquity, passes through the area later known as Pontus. Recordings of his journey prove invaluable to the early Georgian history and ethnography. Xenophon described the following Proto-Georgian tribes: Chalybes, Drilae, Macrones, Mossynoeci, Phasians, Taochi, Tibareni and others.
|
284 BC
90 BC
| Event
|
| Artaxiad dynasty begins reigning in Iberia.
|
65 BC
1st century
2nd century
| Year |
Date |
Event
|
| 117-138 AD |
|
Kingdom of Iberia reaches its peak with the reign of King Pharasmanes II of Iberia, who manages to install his brother Mithridates on the Armenian throne, who is later deposed and replaced by his nephew Rhadamistus. The possibility of uniting the two kingdoms is finally shattered by Parthian invasion and Rhadamistus is overthrown.
|
| 189 AD |
|
Arsacid dynasty of Iberia succeeds the Pharnabazids.
|
3rd century
| Year |
Date |
Event
|
| 270 AD |
|
Anti-Roman uprising in Colchis.
|
| 284 AD |
|
Chosroid dynasty, a branch of the House of Mihran, begins reigning over the Kingdom of Iberia.
|
4th century
| Year |
Date |
Event
|
| 319 AD, 326 AD or 337 AD |
|
King Mirian III of Iberia declares Christianity in Caucasian Iberia (eastern Georgia) as an official religion.
|
5th century
| Year |
Date |
Event
|
| 482-502 AD |
|
Vakhtang I of Iberia fights against growing Persian domination and renewed attempts of forcible conversion of Iberia, Armenia and Albania to Zoroastrianism.
|
| 560s, 570s AD |
|
Khosrow I abolishes the king as a title of the Iberian ruler and incorporates Iberia into his Empire. Iberia becomes a mere province.
|
| 580 AD |
|
Death of Bacurius, the last Chosroid ruler of Iberia and subsequent abolition of Iberian monarchy by Persians.
|
| 588 AD |
|
After the abolition of the monarchy by Sassanid Empire, Principate of Iberia is established with Guaram I of Iberia as its first ruler.
|
6th century
7th century
8th century
9th century
10th century
11th century
12th century
13th century
14th century
15th century
| Year |
Date |
Event
|
| 1400 AD |
|
Timur invades Georgia, destroying most of the towns in western Georgia. Around 60,000 survivors were taken back to the Timurid Empire as slaves.
|
| 1463 |
|
Self-declared King of Imereti Bagrat VI defeats George VIII forces in the Battle of Chikhori and ensures his power.
|
| 1483 |
|
Self-declared Atabeg of Samtskhe Qvarqvare II Jaqeli assaults royal forces and defeats them in the Battle of Aradeti, therefore ensuring his power. Kingdom of Georgia finally collapses.
|
| 1490 |
|
Governors of Kartli finally recognizes dissolution of Kingdom of Georgia.
|
16th century
17th century
18th century
19th century
20th century
21st century
See also
Further reading
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Georgia, Asia". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949 – via Hathi Trust.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Georgia", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via Hathi Trust
- "Georgia: Chronology". Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003. Europa Publications. 2002. ISBN 978-1-85743-137-7.
- filologija v Gruzii, Iranskaja. "Iranic philology in Georgia." by Dž. Š. Giunašvili)(Tbilisi: Izdatel'stvo Tbilisskogo universiteta)." The treatment of foreign words in mediaeval Arabic lexicology", Scripta Hierosolymitana. Publications of the Hebrew University (Jerusalem) 9 (1961): 191-205.
External links
|
|---|
| Ethnic subgroups | |
|---|
| Historical subgroups | |
|---|
