Timeline of Liverpool

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Liverpool, England.

Prior to 18th century

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18th century

  • 1700
  • 1702 – Croxteth Hall (house) built.
  • 1704 – Woolton Hall (house) built.
  • 1708 – Blue Coat School founded.[6]
  • 1715 – opening of the first commercial wet dock Old Dock.[9]
  • 1717 – Bluecoat Chambers built.
  • 1718 – Blue Coat hospital opens.[4]
  • 1720 – Population: 10,446.[10]
  • 1722 – Ranelagh Gardens open.
  • 1724 – 25 August: Animal painter George Stubbs born.
  • 1726
    • Liverpool Castle demolished.
    • Ye Hole in Ye Wall pub on Hackins Hey opens.[11]
    • John Okill ship builder building ships for the Royal Navy between 1740-1780 including the gun boat Hastings.
  • 1749 – Royal Infirmary opens.[4]
  • 1752 Richard Chaffers pottery manufacturer.
  • 1753 – Henry Berry (engineer) opened Salthouse Dock.[7]
  • 1754 – Liverpool Town Hall built.[4]
  • 1756 – Liverpool Advertiser newspaper begins publication.[12]
  • 1758 – Circulating library established.[13]
  • 1757 Henry Berry (engineer) open of the Sankey Canal.
  • 1766 – City directory published.[14]
  • 1770s – Scotland Road laid out.
  • 1771
  • 1775 - Banastre Tarleton leads the British Legion in the American War of Independence.
  • 1776- Robert Morris becomes one of Founding Fathers of the United States.
  • 1778/9 – 120 privateers were fitted out in Liverpool, carrying 1986 guns and 8745 men.[4]
  • 1779 – Medical Library founded.[6]
  • 1784 – Liverpool Musical Festival begins.[15]
  • 1785 – Liverpool Georgian Quarter constructed.
  • 1785 - Henry Berry (engineer) opens King's Dock, Port of Liverpool
  • 1788 – St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church built.
  • 1790 - James Maury as the first Consulate of the United States, Liverpool serving the role for 40 years, the first consulate established by the United States.
    • Lime Street laid out.
  • 1791 – School for the Blind founded.[6]
  • 1792 – Holy Trinity Church, Wavertree, consecrated
  • 1797 – Liverpool Athenaeum founded.
  • 1799 - Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby was born, three-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the longest serving party leader.

19th century

1800s–1840s

Expansions of Liverpool boundaries in 1835, 1895, 1902, 1905 and 1913
Map of Liverpool, 1836
  • 1810 - the spire of Church of Our Lady and St Nicholas, Liverpool collapsed during morning service killing 25 people including many children from a local orphanage.
    • Borough Gaol built.[6]
    • Williamson Tunnels started.
  • 1815 – Manchester Dock built.
  • 1815 - the first steamship Mersey Ferry.
  • 1816 – Leeds and Liverpool Canal constructed.[6]
  • 1816- Swire is founded with John Samuel Swire taking the reins in 1847.
  • 1817 – Liverpool Royal Institution established.[4][18]
  • 1819 – SS Savannah completes first steamship transatlantic sailing.
  • 1820 - Hannah vessel wrecked located at Hannah Point, Liverpool Beach in Antarctica
  • 1822
    • Apprentices' Library founded.[6]
    • The old St John's Market was designed by John Foster Junior and built.
  • 1823 – Marine Humane Society founded.[17]
  • 1825 – Liverpool Mechanics' School of Arts[6] and Philomathic Society[12] established.
  • 1826
    • St James Cemetery laid out.
    • Old Dock closed.
  • 1827 – Law Society established.[12]
  • 1828 – Borough Sessions House built.[6]
  • 1829 – Canning Dock opens.[19]
  • 1830
    • Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.[6][20][4]
      • Crown Street railway station and the first ever train shed opened.
      • Wapping Tunnel opened.
      • The Liverpool Rubber Company was founded, credited with designing the first rubber-soled sports shoes , attaching canvas as uppers to rubber soles, Theses early shoes , sometimes “ called sand shoes “ are considered by many to be the first sneakers or British trainers.
    • Liver Theatre active.[21]
  • 1831 – Population: 165,175.[6]
  • 1832 - Kitty Wilkinson public wash house pioneer during the 1826-1837 cholera pandemic.
  • 1833 – William Fawcett (engineer) of the William Fawcett (paddle steamer) the earliest P&O ship and the SS Royal William credited with the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean almost entirely under steam power.
  • 1835
    • City boundaries expand.[4]
    • First elected Town Council replaces Common Council.
  • 1836
  • 1837 – Liverpool Chess Club formed.[22]
  • 1838 – Brougham Institute[6] and Polytechnic Society established.[12]
  • 1938 - Gustav Christian Schwabe moves to Liverpool financier of Bibby Line, Harland & Wolff and the White Star Line shipping line.
  • 1839 - The first British ocean going iron war ship the Nemesis built by John Laird Sons & Company and George Forrester and Company.
  • The Grand National was inaugurated at Aintree Racecourse.
    • Customs House built.[6]
    • Northern Mechanics' Institution and Tradesmen's Institution founded.[6]
  • 1840
  • 1842
    • St. Francis Xavier's College established.[23]
    • Robertson Gladstone becomes mayor.
  • 1843 – Princes Park laid out.[4]
  • 1844
  • 1845 – Liverpool Observatory built.[12]
  • 1846 – Royal Albert Dock opens.[25][4]
  • 1848
    • Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway opened.
    • Liverpool Financial Reform Association; Architectural and Archaeological Society;[12][26] and Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire formed.[12]
    • Cope Bros & Co in business.
    • Church of Saint Francis Xavier consecrated.
  • 1949 - Gustav Wilhelm Wolff moved to Liverpool at the age of 15 spending most working life in Liverpool co-founding Harland & Wolff ship yard in 1961.

1850s–1890s

20th century

1900s–1940s

  • 1901 – Population: 684,958.[4]
  • 1901- Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti founded Ferranti the British electrical company built and produced the Ferranti Mark 1 the first electrical commercial computer as well as the Ferranti Pegasus.
  • Liverpool F.C. win the Football League First Division, first major honour for the club.
  • Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse constructed.
  • 1902
  • 1903 – Worlds first full conversion of steam to electric railway, Mersey Railway.
  • 1904 – Foundation stone of the Anglican Cathedral is laid by King Edward VII.[4]
  • 1905 - Frank Mason wins the 1905 Grand National on Kirkland owned by Frank Bibby of the Bibby Line.
  • 1906 – Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building constructed.
  • 1907- Cunard Line ocean liner RMS Mauritania departed’s Liverpool on its maiden voyage, in 1909 Mauritania captured the Blue Riband a transatlantic record that was to stand for more than two decades.
    • August: 700th anniversary of city founding.[42]
    • Dock Office built.[43]
    • Sir William Bowring, 1st Baronet gave Liverpool the first municipal golf course in England in Bowring Park, Merseyside
  • 1908
  • 1909
  • 1911
    • 1911 Liverpool general transport strike.
    • Royal Liver Building constructed.
    • Rodewald Concert Society founded.
  • 1912 – Lime Street Picture House opens.[45]
  • 1912 - Titanic, Sinking of the Titanic Frederick Fleet sights the iceberg, at least 115 crew members with close connections to Liverpool of only 28 Liverpool crew members survived and that figure is understated.
  • 1913 – Crane's Music Hall opens.
  • 1914 - RMS Empress of Ireland sinks with the crew almost entirely from Merseyside.
  • 1915 - RMS Lusitania sinks with captain William Thomas Turner and many of the crew from Liverpool.
  • 1916 – 30 July: "Liverpool's blackest day" – 500 men in Liverpool Pals battalions are killed in an attack on Guillemont in the Battle of the Somme[47] (following 200 deaths on the First day on the Somme).
  • 1917
  • 1919
    • Racial conflict.[49]
    • Cunard's luxury liner services moved to Southampton.
  • 1922 – African Churches Mission, and African and West Indian Mission organized.[50]
  • 1922 - Cammell Laird built the world’s first fully welded ship the SS Fullager.
  • 1924–1932 – India Buildings is built.
  • 1925 – Empire Theatre opens.
  • 1927
    • A5058 road Queens Drive ring road completed.
    • Woolton Picture House cinema opens.
  • 1928 – Everton F.C. win the league title, Dixie Dean scores 60 goals in that season.
  • 1930 – Speke Airport, later Liverpool Airport, begins operating.
  • 1931 – Population 855,688.[51] This is the peak size of Liverpool's population.
  • 1932 – 1932 Summer Olympics gold medal for town planning awarded to John Hughes (architect) for city of Liverpool sports stadium.
  • 1933 - Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club hosted the Rider cup.
  • 1934
  • 1937 - Dixie Dean plays his last game for Everton F.C. scoring 383 goals in 433 appearance's.
  • 1939 – Exchange Flags building completed.
  • 1940 – August: Liverpool Blitz: Aerial bombing by German forces begins.
  • 1940 - John Lennon was born.
  • 1940 - Western Approaches Command Centre for the campaign waged against the German submarine fleet during the Battle of the Atlantic became based at Exchange Flags.
  • 1941- Cammell Laird built HMS Ark Royal and HMS Rodney played a major role in the sinking of the German battle ship Bismarck.
  • 1942 – January: Liverpool Blitz: Aerial bombing by German forces ends.
  • 1942 - Sir Paul McCartney was born.
  • 1943 - 1.2 million United States soldiers pass through Liverpool during World War Two- this figure represents a significant proportion of approximate 4.7 million who used the port to prepare for the invasion of Europe.
  • 1944 – Merseyside Unity Theatre active.
  • 1945 - World War II ends, During the Liverpool Blitz approximately 2736 civilians were killed in Liverpool alone, the total number of deaths across Merseyside was around 4000.
  • Liverpool shipowners lost over 3 million tons of shipping, with most losses occurring in the Atlantic Ocean, this equivalent to roughly 630 ships of 5000 tons each, representing about a quarter of all British merchant shipping losses during the war, the Port of Liverpool also handled a massive amount of cargo, over 75 million tons between 1939-1945, with significant portion being war materials.
  • 1946 – Liverpool Corporation begins development of Kirkby Industrial Estate on aformer ordnance factory site.
  • 1948 – 31 May: Canada Dock Branch railway closed to intermediate passengers.
  • 1949 – 19 March: Cameo murder.

1950s–1990s

Merseyrail electrification

21st century

See also

References

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  2. ^ "King John & Liverpool 1207 Charter – Medieval Liverpool History".
  3. ^ a b Samantha Letters (2005), "Lancashire", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Irvine, William Fergusson (1911). "Liverpool" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 804–809.
  5. ^ "Liverpool and the Black Death Plague. Read the horror of what happened".
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Edwin Butterworth (1841). "Liverpool". Statistical Sketch of the County Palatine of Lancaster. London: Longman & Co.
  7. ^ a b c "Annals of Liverpool", The Stranger in Liverpool: or, An historical and descriptive view of the town of Liverpool and its environs (10th ed.), Liverpool: Thomas Kaye, 1833, hdl:2027/wu.89032309627
  8. ^ "Liverpool Slave Trade." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr. 2nd ed. Vol. 4. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 468–469. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Oct. 2013
  9. ^ "A History of Liverpool". Local Histories. 14 March 2021.
  10. ^ a b David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Liverpool". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068380875.
  11. ^ Bona, Emilia (8 October 2017). "You might be surprised at when this Liverpool pub started letting women in". liverpoolecho.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Edward Baines (1870). John Harland (ed.). History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster. Vol. 2. London: Routledge.
  13. ^ "Circulating Libraries", All the Year Round, no. 282, 26 May 1894
  14. ^ A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ a b Claude Egerton Lowe (1896). "Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music". Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events. London: Weekes & Co.
  16. ^ Catalogue of the Liverpool Library, at the Lyceum. Printed by James Smith. 1814.
  17. ^ a b c George Henry Townsend (1867), "Liverpool", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
  18. ^ a b c d University Library. "Collection Descriptions". Special Collections & Archives. University of Liverpool. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  19. ^ a b William Farrer, J. Brownbill, ed. (1911), "Liverpool: the Docks", A History of the County of Lancaster, vol. 4, retrieved 2 September 2013
  20. ^ William Toone (1835). Chronological Historian. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: J. Dowding.
  21. ^ a b R.J. Broadbent (1908), Annals of the Liverpool Stage, Liverpool: E. Howell, OL 13499031M
  22. ^ Liverpool Chess Club: a Short Sketch of the Club, 1893
  23. ^ a b c Michael E. Sadler (1904), Report on Secondary Education in Liverpool, London{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ^ "Cunard Steam-Ship Company", New York Times, 25 July 1880
  25. ^ Edward Baines (1893). "Liverpool Parish". In John Harland (ed.). History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster. Vol. 5.
  26. ^ "About the LAS". Liverpool Architectural Society. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  27. ^ a b c Cowell, Peter (1903). Liverpool Public Libraries: a History of Fifty years. Liverpool: Free Public Library. OCLC 4319003. OL 7062709M.
  28. ^ Jarvis, Adrian (1994). "The Port of Liverpool and the shipowners in the late 19th century". The Great Circle. 16. Australian Association for Maritime History. JSTOR 41562879.
  29. ^ "Photographic Societies of the British Isles and Colonies", International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin, New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company, 1891
  30. ^ "History of the Liverpool Jewish Community", Jewish World, London, August 1877
  31. ^ "The Paternoster: A Requiem". Granta. 5 May 2020.
  32. ^ "Municipal Housing in Liverpool before 1914: the 'first council houses in Europe'". Municipal Dreams. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  33. ^ Grimsditch, Lee (30 September 2022). "Lost Stanley Park pool that disappeared without trace". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  34. ^ "Liverpool", Willing's Press Guide, London: James Willing, Jr., 1904
  35. ^ Norman H. Murdoch (1992). "Salvation Army Disturbances in Liverpool, England, 1879–1887". Journal of Social History. 25 (3): 575–593. doi:10.1353/jsh/25.3.575. JSTOR 3789029.
  36. ^ "Anfield: Timeline of Liverpool's famous home". The Independent. 15 October 2012. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  37. ^ "Liverpool and Merseyside remembered". Anthony Hogan. Archived from the original on 7 January 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  38. ^ Sandi E. Cooper (1991). "Peace Societies". Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815–1914. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536343-2.
  39. ^ Emma Latham (2000). "The Liverpool Boys' Association and the Liverpool Union of Youth Clubs: Youth Organizations and Gender, 1940–70". Journal of Contemporary History. 35 (3): 423–437. doi:10.1177/002200940003500306. JSTOR 261029. S2CID 145511369.
  40. ^ James Lord Bowes (1894), Handbook to the Bowes Museum of Japanese Art-Work, Streatlam Towers, Liverpool, OCLC 27521645, OL 20455863M
  41. ^ "Liverpool (England) Newspapers". Main Catalogue. British Library. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  42. ^ Liverpool's 700th Anniversary Celebrations: Words and Music, 1907
  43. ^ De Figueiredo, Peter (2003). "Symbols of Empire: The Buildings of the Liverpool Waterfront". Architectural History. 46: 229–254. doi:10.2307/1568808. JSTOR 1568808.
  44. ^ Coslett, Paul (2009). "The Belfast of England". Liverpool: History. BBC. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  45. ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Liverpool". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  46. ^ "The New Adelphi Hotel". Liverpool Echo. 13 March 1914. p. 6.
  47. ^ a b Doyle, Peter (2014). The First World War in 100 Objects. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-8811-0.
  48. ^ Handbook to the Commercial Reference Library, Liverpool, 1920, OL 7136550M{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  49. ^ Zack-Williams, Alfred B. (1997). "African Diaspora Conditioning: The Case of Liverpool". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (4): 528–542. doi:10.1177/002193479702700405. JSTOR 2784729. S2CID 143618099.
  50. ^ Wilson, Carlton E. (1992). "Racism and Private Assistance: The Support of West Indian and African Missions in Liverpool, England, during the Interwar Years". African Studies Review. 35 (2): 55–76. doi:10.2307/524870. JSTOR 524870. S2CID 143732965.
  51. ^ The Population of Liverpool Exemplified (PDF) (1st ed.), Liverpool John Moores University, 2010
  52. ^ "Henderson's department store fire, Liverpool". Fire Brigades Union. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  53. ^ Gascoigne, Bamber. "Timelines: Liverpool". History World. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  54. ^ "Queen Mary 2 to run first Cunard Liverpool sailings in 45 years". Cruise Liverpool. 1 March 2013.
  55. ^ Philbin, Paul (26 February 2017). "Why does the M62 start at junction 5?". liverpoolecho.
  56. ^ a b "St. John's Market, Liverpool". Delta 64. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  57. ^ Couch, Chris; Farr, Sarah-Jane (2000). "Museums, Galleries, Tourism and Regeneration: Some Experiences from Liverpool". Built Environment. 26 (2): 152–163. JSTOR 23288855.
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  67. ^ Flaherty, Jess (31 July 2020). "'Devastated' Woolton Picture House to close after 93 years". Liverpool Echo.
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Further reading

Published in the 18th century

  • Liverpool Directory, for the Year 1766. Liverpool: Printed by W. Nevett and Co. for J. Gore.
  • William Enfield (1774), An essay towards the history of Leverpool (2nd ed.), London: J. Johnson, OL 23379980M
  • W. Bailey (1781). "Liverpool Directory". Bailey's Northern Directory. Warrington: Printed by William Ashton.
  • William Moss (1796). Liverpool Guide. Liverpool: Crane and Jones.
  • James Wallace (1796), A general and descriptive history of the ancient and present state, of the town of Liverpool, Liverpool: J. McCreery, OL 7197095M

Published in the 19th century

1800s–1840s

1850s–1890s

Published in the 20th century

1900s–1940s

1950s–1990s

Published in the 21st century

  • Richard Lawton (2002). "Components of demographic change in a rapidly growing port-city: the case of Liverpool in the nineteenth century". In Richard Lawton and W. Robert Lee (ed.). Population and Society in Western European Port Cities, c.1650–1939. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85323-435-7.
  • John Belchem (2007). Irish, Catholic and Scouse: The History of the Liverpool-Irish, 1800–1939. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
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