List of wars involving India

This is a list of military operations conducted by the post-independence Dominion of India (1947–1950) and the modern Republic of India (since 1950), including total wars, limited operations, and counter-insurgency missions both domestically and abroad.

List of War and Conflicts

See also: History of India (1947–present), Dominion of India, and Republic of India

Key—

  Indian victory
  Another result*
  Indian defeat
  Ongoing conflict

*e.g. settlement, withdrawal of troops, ceasefire or inconclusive

Conflict India and Allies Opponent(s) Result for India and its Allies
Indo-Pakistani War
(1947–1948)

Location:
Kashmir 		Dominion of India

Jammu & Kashmir

Dominion of Pakistan Ceasefire
  • One-third of Jammu and Kashmir controlled by Pakistan. Indian control over remainder.
Annexation of Junagadh
(1948)

Location:
Junagadh 		Dominion of India State of Junagadh Indian victory
Annexation of Hyderabad
(1948)

Location:
Hyderabad 		Dominion of India State of Hyderabad Indian victory
Insurgency in Northeast India
(1954-Present)

Location(s):
Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura 		India
Supported by:
 Separatist grope(s) from Manipur:

Separatist grope(s) from Assam:

Separatist grope from Nagaland :

Separatist Grope from Arunachal Pradesh:
    • Tani Army

Trans-national separatist group:
Kuki National Army

Former group(s)


State Supporter:
China (claimed by India)
Myanmar(until 2018)
Bhutan (until 2003)

Non-State Supporter:
CPI (Maoist)


Ongoing
Congo Crisis
(1960-65)

Location:
Congo 		First Phase(1960–1963):

Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo
Supported by:

Soviet Union(1960)


Second Phase(1963–1965):

Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo
Supported by:

United States
Belgium

First Phase(1960–1963):

State of Katanga
South Kasai
Supported by:
Belgium

Democratic Republic of the Congo Free Republic of the Congo
Supported by:
Soviet Union(post-1960–1962)

Second Phase(1963–1965):

Simba rebels
Kwilu rebels
Supported by:
 Victory
Annexation of Goa
(1961)

Location(s):
Portuguese India(Goa, Daman and Diu)
Arabian Sea 		 India  Portugal Victory


China-India War
(1962)

Location(s):
Aksai Chin
North-East Frontier Agency
Assam 		 India  China Defeat


Indo-Pakistani War
(1965)

Location(s):

Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan,
Bengal, Arabian Sea

 India  Pakistan Inconclusive
Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
(1967-Present)

Location:
India 		India
Supported by: (until 2011)
  • Jharkhand Janmukti Parishad
  • People's Liberation Front of India
Former group(s)
Supported by:
 Ongoing
Nathu La and Cho La Conflict
(1967)

Location:
Sikkim


India China Victory
1971 JVP insurrection
(1971)

Location:
Ceylon 		Dominion of Ceylon Ceylon
Supported by:
 JVP
Supported by:

Diplomatic support:

South Yemen

Victory
  • Rebel forces surrender
  • Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island
Indo-Pakistani War
(1971)
part of the Bangladesh Liberation War

Location(s):
East Pakistan, Bay of Bangal
Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujrat, Arabian Sea


 India
Bangladesh Bangladesh

Supported by:
Soviet Union

 Pakistan

Supported by:
United States
United Kingdom
China
Iran
Ceylon
Saudi Arabia

Victory
Siachen conflict
(1984,1987)

Location:
Siachen Glacier 		 India  Pakistan Victory
Insurgency in Punjab
(1984-1995)

Location:
Punjab


India

Khalistani militants
Supported by:
 Pakistan

Victory
  • Militancy defeated
Operation Flowers are Blooming
(1986) 		 India
 Seychelles 		Military of Seychelles Victory
  • Aversion of the coup
  • Resignation of Berlouis
The Second JVP insurrection
(1987–1989) 		Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
India India

Military support:

JVP
Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya
IUSF

Supported by:

Victory
  • Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted
  • Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
Sri Lankan Civil War
(1987–1990) 		 India
 Sri Lanka 		Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Withdrawal
Operation Cactus
(1988) 		 India
Maldives Maldives 		PLOTE
Maldives Maldivian rebels 		Victory
  • Restoration of government rule in Maldives
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
(1989–)

Political Parties:

Armed groups:

Supported by:

Ongoing
United Nations Operation in Somalia II
(1993–1995)

(Part of the Somali Civil War)
(1991–)

United Nations
 Somalia Somali National Alliance
Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya[35]
Somalia Somali National Front 		UNOSOM II failure[36][37][38]
Kargil War
(1999)

India

Pakistan
Non-state allies:
United Jihad Council[39]
Afghan mercenaries

Indian victory[40]

Operation Ocean Shield
(2009–2016)

NATO

Non-NATO:

Somali pirates

Allied victory

China–India skirmishes
(2020–21)

India

China

Stalemate

  • 2,000 sq km of India-claimed territory was estimated to have been taken over by China since May 2020.
2025 India–Pakistan conflict
(2025)

India

Pakistan

Ceasefire[44][45]

See also

  • Afghan–Sikh Wars
  • List of wars involving the Mughal Empire
  • Battles involving the Maratha Empire
  • List of wars involving Delhi Sultanate
  • List of Anglo-Indian Wars
  • Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions

Notes

References

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    • Praagh, David Van (2003). The Greater Game: India's Race with Destiny and China. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 253. ISBN 9780773526396. By then, India had won decisively in the mountains of Kashmir. MacDonald, Myra (2017). Defeat is an Orphan: How Pakistan Lost the Great South Asian War. Oxford University Press. pp. 27, 53, 64, 66. ISBN 978-1-84904-858-3. p. 27: It was not so much that India won the Great South Asian War but that Pakistan lost it.
      p. 53: The story of the Kargil War—Pakistan's biggest defeat by India since 1971—is one that goes to the heart of why it lost the Great South Asian War.
      p. 64: Afterwards, Musharraf and his supporters would claim that Pakistan won the war militarily and lost it diplomatically. In reality, the military and diplomatic tides turned against Pakistan in tandem.
      p. 66: For all its bravado, Pakistan had failed to secure even one inch of land.
      Less than a year after declaring itself a nuclear-armed power, Pakistan had been humiliated diplomatically and militarily.      Lavoy, Peter René, ed. (2009). Asymmetric Warfare in South Asia: The Causes and Consequences of the Kargil Conflict. Cambridge University Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-521-76721-7. The false optimism of the architects of the Kargil intrusion, colored by the illusion of a cheap victory, was not only the main driver of the operation, and hence the crisis, it also was the cause of Pakistan's most damaging military defeat since the loss of East Pakistan in December 1971. Dettman, Paul R. (2001). India Changes Course: Golden Jubilee to Millennium. Greenwood. pp. 130, 131, 140, 177. ISBN 978-0-275-97308-7. p. 130: the BJP could go to the people as the party that had undergirded India's victory over Pakistan in the Kargil 'war'.
      p. 131: Another of India's institutions that had benefited from India's victory in the Kargil war was its military establishment.
      p. 140: He went on to take credit for the conduct of a 'war' effort that had led to a diplomatic as well as a military victory.
      p. 177: For India, Vajpayee had led the military and diplomatic effort that had won the Kargil 'war'. For the world, he had done so while keeping India's armed forces on their own side of the LOC in Kashmir and he had prevented the outbreak of a multi-front general war with Pakistan.       Perkovich, George (2002). India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation. University of California Press. p. 479. ISBN 978-0-520-23210-5. The Kargil war ended as had previous wars, with an Indian victory.
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Sources

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