Timeline of Nanjing

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Prehistory

  • 7000 BCE - Beiyinyang Neolithic people active.[1]

Zhou dynasty

  • 472 BCE - Castle built near Yuhuatai by Yue (state).[2]

Three Kingdoms

A 1935 map of the development of Nanjing from the Three Kingdoms to the Taiping Rebellion[3]
  • 229 CE - City becomes the capital of the Wu Kingdom.[1]
  • 258 - Imperial University founded.

Jin dynasty

  • 313 - City renamed "Jiankang."[2]
  • 317 - Capital of Eastern Jin Dynasty relocated to Jiankang.[4]

Northern & Southern Dynasties

  • 420 - City becomes capital of the Liu Song Dynasty.[2]
  • 479 - City becomes capital of the Southern Qi Dynasty.[2]
  • 502 - City becomes capital of the Liang dynasty.[2]
  • 557 - City becomes capital of the Chen Dynasty.[2]

Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms

  • 937 - Nan Tang in power.[2]

Song dynasty

  • 1168 - Jiangnan Examination Hall built.

Ming dynasty

Map of Ming-era Nanjing, then known as Jinling or Yingtian
A fanciful imagining of Nanjing c. 1668 based on the Jesuit accounts
  • 1367 - Construction of Ming Palace begun, completed in 1368.
  • 1368 - City becomes capital of Ming Dynasty, renamed Yingtian.
  • 1373 - Hongwu Emperor substantially expands Ming Palace compound, completed in 1375.
  • 1381 - Imperial University campus relocated to Xuanwu Lake.[5]
  • 1382 - Drum Tower built.[2]
  • 1386 - City Wall of Nanjing and Jubao Gate constructed.
  • 1408 - Yongle Encyclopedia written.
  • 1421 - Capital of Ming Dynasty relocated from Nanjing to Beijing.[2]
  • 1430 - Porcelain Tower of Nanjing built.[6][7]
  • 1441 - 1441 Yangtze flood.

Qing dynasty

  • 1645 - Qing conquest of Nanjing; Nanzhili reorganized as Jiangnan, later divided into Jiangsu and Anhui
  • 1657 - City besieged by forces of Koxinga.[8]
  • 1723 - Viceroy of Liangjiang residence relocated to Nanjing.[8]
  • 1842
  • 1853 - Taiping conquest of Nanjing in the First Battle of Nanjing.
  • 1856 - Second Battle of Nanjing.
  • 1858 - City designated a treaty port under the Treaties of Tianjin.[7]
  • 1864 - Third Battle of Nanking.[7]
  • 1870 - Chaotian Palace and Presidential Palace built.
  • 1890 - Naval college opens.[7]
  • 1899 - Foreign trade begins.[8]
  • 1902 - Sanjiang Normal College (later renamed Nanjing Normal University) founded.[2][7]
  • 1907 - Jiangnan Library opens.
  • 1909 - Shanghai-Nanjing railroad opens.[7]
  • 1910
    • Nanyang industrial exposition.[8]
    • Population: 140,000 (approximate).[7]
  • 1911
    • 10 November: City besieged by Manchu forces.[9]
    • 2 December: Rebels take city.

Republic of China

  • 1921 - Population: 380,000.[10]
  • 1926 -
    • March 12: Sun Yat-sen dies.
  • 1927
    • March: Nanjing Incident.
    • Nanjing Special (No.1) Popular Library founded.
  • 1928
    • Central Guoshu Institute established.
    • Liu Chi-wen becomes mayor.
  • 1929 - Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum completed.
  • 1930 - Wei Tao-ming becomes mayor.
  • 1931 - City becomes capital of the Republic of China.
  • 1935 - Nanjing–Tongling railway opens.
  • 1936 - Jiangsu Art Gallery founded.
  • 1937
    • Nanking Safety Zone set up.
    • December 9: Battle of Nanking begins.
    • December 12: USS Panay incident.
    • December 13: Japanese forces take city.
    • Nanjing Massacre.
  • 1940
    • City becomes capital of the Reorganized National Government of China.
    • Cai Pei becomes mayor.
  • 1941 - Zhou Xuechang becomes mayor.
  • 1949 - 23 April: People's Liberation Army takes city.

People's Republic of China

1:250,000 AMS map of the walled city of Nanjing ("Nanking" or "Nan-ching") and surrounding areas in the 1940s and 1950s
  • 1952 - Nanjing College of Aviation Industry[2] and Wutaishan Sports Center founded.
  • 1953 - Nanjing University of Science and Technology founded.[2]
  • 1957 - Population: 1,419,000.[11]
  • 1958 - Taiping Kingdom History Museum active.
  • 1968
    • Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.[12]
    • Nanjing Railway Station opens.
  • 1988
    • December: Nanjing anti-African protests.
    • Nanjing High-tech Industrial Development Zone established.[13]
  • 1994 - Jiangsu Sainty Football Club formed.
  • 1995 - City administration re-organized.[2]
  • 1996 - Jiangsu Dragons basketball team formed.
  • 1997 - Lukou Airport opens.
  • 2000 - Jiangning District becomes part of Nanjing municipality.[13]
  • 2001 - Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.
  • 2002
    • Jiangpu and Liuhe districts become part of Nanjing municipality.[13]
    • Luo Zhijun becomes mayor.
  • 2004 - Longtan Containers Port Area opens.
  • 2005
    • Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center opens.
    • Nanjing Metro and Nanjing–Qidong Railway begins operating.[2]
    • 10th National Games of China held.
  • 2008
    • Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway begins operating.
    • World Urban Forum held.
  • 2009 - Zifeng Tower built.
  • 2010
    • July 28: Chemical plant explosion.
    • Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge built.
  • 2013 - Air pollution in Nanjing reaches annual mean of 72 PM2.5 and 137 PM10, much higher than recommended.[14]

See also

Part of a series on the
History of China
History of China in Chinese characters and seal script
Prehistoric
  • Paleolithic
  • Neolithic (c. 8500 – c. 2000 BC)
Yellow, Yangtze, and Liao civilization
Ancient
  • Xia (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC)
  • Shang (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC)
Late Shang (c. 1250 – c. 1046 BC)
  • Zhou (c. 1046 – c. 256 BC)
Western Zhou (1046–771 BC)
Eastern Zhou (771–256 BC)
Spring and Autumn (c. 770 – c. 476 BC)
Warring States (475–221 BC)
Imperial
  • Qin (221–207 BC)
  • Han (202 BC – 220 AD)
Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC)
Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD)
Xin (9–23 AD)
Eastern Han (25–220 AD)
Wei, Shu Han, and Wu
  • Jin (266–420)
   
Western Jin (266–316)
Eastern Jin (317–420)


  • Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439)
  • Sui (581–618)
  • Tang (618–907)
    • Wu Zhou (690–705)
   
  • Song (960–1279)
Northern Song (960–1127)
Southern Song (1127–1279)
  • Yuan (1271–1368)
  • Ming (1368–1644)
  • Qing (1644–1912)
Modern
Chinese Civil War (1927–1949)
Great Retreat (1949)
   
  • Republic of China (Taiwan,
    1949–present)
Related articles
  • Nanjing history
  • List of Nanjing art groups
  • Population of Nanking in December of 1937
  • Urbanization in China

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Schellinger 1996.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2011). Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing.
  3. ^ Herrmann, Alfred (1935), Historical and Commercial Atlas of China, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p. 57.
  4. ^ Chye Kiang Heng (1999), Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Singapore University Press, ISBN 9971692236
  5. ^ Chia 2005.
  6. ^ C.C. Clarke (1820), The Hundred Wonders of the World (8th ed.), London: Phillips & Co.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Britannica 1910.
  8. ^ a b c d Madrolle 1912.
  9. ^ "Manchus' Day of Massacre" (PDF). New York Times. 11 November 1911.
  10. ^ Chu 1922.
  11. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Nanking{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ Meine Pieter Van Dijk (2006), Managing Cities in Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 9781845428808
  13. ^ a b c Ivan Cucco (2008), "The Professional Middle Class", in David S.G. Goodman (ed.), The New Rich in China, Routledge, ISBN 9780415455640
  14. ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

This article incorporates information from the Chinese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 14th–19th centuries

  • Hongwu Jingcheng Tuzhi [Illustrated Gazetteer of the Capital in the Hongwu Era]. 1395.
  • Chu Chih-fan; Lu Shou-po (1624). Jinling Tuyong [Gazetteer of Nanjing]. [1][2]
  • Johannes Nieuhof (1668), "(Nanking)", Legatio batavica ad magnum Tartariæ chamum Sungteium, modernum Sinæ imperatorem (in Latin), Amstelodami: Jacob von Meurs, OCLC 2134985
  • Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nanking", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
  • Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1885). "Nanking" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (9th ed.). pp. 171–172.

Published in the 20th century

  • Louis Gaillard (1901), Nanking Port ouvert, Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, OL 14264158M
  • Louis Gaillard (1903), Aperçu historique et géographique [Historical and geographical overview], Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in French), Chang-Hai: Impr. de la Mission catholique, OCLC 6976461, OL 6962395M
  • "Nanking" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 162.
  • Claudius Madrolle (1912), "Nanking", Northern China, Paris: Hachette & Company, OCLC 8741409
  • Coching Chu (1922), The climate of Nanking during the period 1905-1921, Nanking, OL 7245788M{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996), "Nanjing", International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046

Published in the 21st century

  • Lucille Chia (2005). "Of Three Mountains Street: the Commercial Publishers of Ming Nanjing". Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China. University of California Press.
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