List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States

See also: List of automobile manufacturers of the United States

This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States. They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.

A

  • A Automobile Company (1910–1913)
    'Blue & Gold, Red John, model[1]
  • Abbott-Detroit (1909–1918)
    Moved to Cleveland and renamed to 'Abbott' in 1917.[2]
  • Abeln-Zehr (1911–1912)
    Renamed to 'Zehr' after departure of S. Abeln in 1912.[3]
  • AC Propulsion (1997–2003)
    tzero model
  • Apex Motor Car Company (1920–1922)
    Ace model
  • Acme Motor Car Company (1903–1911)
  • Adams Company (1905–1912)
    'Adams-Farwell' model
  • Anger Engineering Company (1913–1915)[4]
  • Aerocar Company (1905–1908)
  • Aerocar International (1946–1987)
  • Aircraft Products (1947)
    Airscoot model
  • Airway (1949–1950)[5]
  • Ajax Motors Co. (1914–1915)
    Based in Seattle
  • Ajax Motor Vehicle Company (1901–1903)
    Based in New York City
  • Aland Motor Car Company (1916–1917)
  • Albany Automobile Company (1907–1908)
  • Alden Sampson Company (1904)
    Sampson model
  • Albaugh-Dover Co. (1910–1911)
    Also known as Aldo
  • All-Steel Motor Car Co. (1915–1916)
  • Allen Motor Company (1913–1922)
    Based in Ohio[6]
  • Allen Iron & Steel Company (1913–1914)
    Based in Philadelphia[7]
  • Alpena Motor Company (1910–1914)[8]
  • Alter Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
  • Altham (1896–1899)
  • Alcoa (1920–1922)
    'Aluminum' model[9]
  • Amalgamated Machinery Corp (1917–1919)
  • Ambassador (1921–1925)[10][11]
  • American Automobile Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)[10]
    Jonz and American models. Based in Indiana.
  • American Automobile and Power Company (1904–1905)
    Populaire model
  • American Automobile Co. (1899–1901)[10]
    Based in New York
  • American Cyclecar Co. (1914)[10]
  • American Austin (1929–1941)
    Renamed to 'American Bantam' in 1935[10]
  • American Beauty (1918–1920)[12]
  • American Electric (1913–1914)
    Based in Michigan
  • American Electric Vehicle Co. (1896–1902)
    Based in Chicago
  • American Locomotive Automobile Company (1908–1913)[10]
    Also known as Alco
  • American Metal Wheel & Auto Co (1907)
    Juvenile model
  • American Mors (1906–1909)[10]
  • American Motor Car Company (1906–1914)
  • American Motor Company (1895–1902) [13]
  • American Motor Carriage Co. (1902–1904)[10]
  • American Motor Vehicle Co. (1916–1920)
    Junior model
  • American Motors (1954–1987)
    Also known as AMC
  • American Motors Co. (1906–1924)[10][14]
    Balanced Six model. Based in New Jersey
  • American Motors Incorporated (1917–1922)
    Amco model. Based in New York
  • American Power Carriage (1899–1900)[10]
  • American Simplex (1906–1913)
    Renamed to Amplex in 1910
  • American Steam Automobile Co. (1924–1931)
    Based in Massachusetts
  • American Steam Truck Co. (1922–1924)
    Based in Illinois
  • American Voiturette (1913–1914)[3]
    Car-Nation models
  • American Waltham (1898–1899)
  • American Wheelock[15]
  • Ames, F.A. Co. (1910–1922)
    Renamed to 'Ames Body Corporation' in 1915[10][16]
  • Ams-Sterling (1917)[10]
  • Anchor Buggy & Carriage Co. (1910–1911)
  • Anderson Automobile Co. (1916–1925)[10]
  • Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co. (1907–1910)[17]
  • Anderson Machine Co. (1906)[17]
  • Anger Engineering Company (1912–1915)[18]
    Also known as A.E.C.
  • Angus (1907–1910)[10]
    Fuller model
  • Anheuser-Busch (1905)[19]
    Built in St. Louis by the beer company
  • Anhut (1909–1910)[20]
  • Ansted (1926–1927)
  • Ansted-Lexington (1922)
  • Anthony (1899–1900)[10]
  • Apperson (1902–1926)
  • Apple Automobile Company (1917–1918)
  • Arabian (1915–1917)[21]
  • ArBenz (1911–1918)[10]
  • Ardsley Motor Car Co. (1905–1906)
  • Argo Electric Vehicle Co. (1912–1916)
    Based in Saginaw, Michigan.
  • Argo Motor Co. (1914–1916)
    Based in Jackson, Michigan.
  • Ariel Company (1905–1907)
  • Aristos[10]
  • Armstrong Electric (1885–1902)
  • Arnolt, S.H. Inc. (1953–1954)[5]
  • Artzberger (1904)[22]
  • Atlas Automobile Co. (1906–1907)
    Based in Pittsburgh
  • Atlas Motor Car Co. (1907–1913)
    Based in Massachusetts. Renamed to 'Atlas-Knight' in 1912.
  • Auburn Automobile Co. (1900–1936)
    Based in Indiana
  • Auburn Motor Chassis (1912–1915)[23]
  • Aultman (1901)
  • Aurora Automobile Co. (1905–1906)[10][23]
    Formerly 'Aurora Carriage Top Company'
  • Aurora Automatic Machinery Co. (1907–1909)[23]
  • Austen[10]
  • Austin Automobile Company (1901–1921)[10]
  • Auto-Bug (1909–1910)[10]
  • Auto Cub (1956)
  • Auto Cycle (1906–1907)[10]
  • Auto Dynamic (1900–1902)[10]
  • Autoette Electric Car Co. (1948–1970)
  • Automatic Transportation Co. (1921)[10]
  • Automobile Fore Carriage (1900)[24]
  • Automobile Voiturette[10]
  • Automotor (1901–1904)[10]
  • Autoparts Manufacturing Co. (1910)
    King-Remick model
  • Auto Tricar (1914)[10]
  • Auto Vehicle[10]
  • Avanti Motor Co. (1963–2007)
  • Avery Company (1891–1928) Tractor, truck and car manufacturer

B

  • Babcock, H.H. Company (1909–1913)[10]
  • Babcock Electric Carriage Co. (1906–1912)
  • Baby Moose (1914)
  • Bachelle Electric (1900–1903)[10]
  • Bacon (1901, 1919–1920)[10]
  • Badger (1910–1911)[25]
    Based in Wisconsin
  • Bailey (1907–1910)[10]
  • Baker Electric (1899–1916)[26]
    Based in Cleveland
  • Balboa (1924–1925)[10]
  • Baldner (1900–1903)[10]
  • Baldwin (1899–1901)[10]
  • Ball Steam (1868, 1902)[10]
  • Balzer (1894–1900)
  • Banker (1905)[10]
  • Bantam (1914)[12]
    Distinct from American Bantam
  • Barbarino (1923–1925)[10]
  • Barley Motor Car Co. (1916–1929)
  • Barrows Electric (1895–1899)[27]
  • Bates Automobile Company (1904–1905)
  • Bauer (1914–1916)[10]
  • Bay State (1907–1908)[10]
  • Bean-Chamberlain Manufacturing Co. (1901–1902)
    Hudson model
  • Beardsley (1914–1917)[10]
  • Beechcraft (1946)[5]
  • Beggs (1919–1923)[10]
  • Belden (1907–1911)[10]
  • Bell Motor Car Company (1916–1922)[28]
    Based in Pennsylvania
  • Belmont Electric Auto Co. (1909–1910)
  • Belmont (1916)[10]
  • Bendix (1908–1909)[10]
  • Benham Manufacturing Co. (1914)
  • Ben Hur (1917–1918)[26]
    Based in Cleveland
  • Benner (1909)[10]
  • Berg (1903–1905)[2]
    Based in Cleveland
  • Bergdoll (1910–1913)[10]
  • Berwick Auto Car Co. (1904)
  • Berkshire (1905–1912)[10]
  • Berliet[10]
  • Bertolet (1908–1910)[10]
  • Bethlehem[19]
  • Beverly (1904)[10]
  • Bi-Autogo (1908–1912)[29]
  • Biddle (1915–1922)
  • Beisel Motorette Company (1914)
  • Bimel (1916–1917)[10]
  • Binghamton Electric (1920)
  • Binney & Burnham (1901–1902)
  • Birch Motor Cars (1916–1923)[12]
  • Birmingham Motors (1921–1923)[10]
  • Black (1893, 1896–1900)
  • Black Motor Company (1908–1910)[30] Renamed to 'Black-Crow' in 1909
  • Blackhawk (1903)[10]
  • Blackhawk (1929–1930)
  • Bliss (1906)
  • B.L.M. (1906–1907)[10]
  • Blomstrom (C.H.) Motor Co. (1902–1903)[10]
  • Blomstrom Manufacturing Co. (1907–1908)[10]
    Gyroscope model, based in Michigan.
  • Blood Brothers Auto and Machine Company (1902–1906)
  • BMC (1952)[5]
    Distinct from the British brand
  • Boardman (1946)[5]
  • Bobbi-Kar (1945–1947)[5]
  • Boisselot (1901)[10]
  • Borbein Electric (1900, 1904–1909)[10]
  • Borland Electric (1910–1916)[10]
  • Boss Steam Car (1897–1909)[31]
  • Boston-Amesbury (1902–1903)[10]
  • Boston High Wheel (1907)[10]
  • Bour-Davis Co. (1915–1922)
  • Bournonville[10]
  • Bowman Motor Car Company (1921–1922)[10]
  • Bramwell (1904–1905)[10]
  • Bramwell-Robinson (1899–1902)[10]
  • Brasie (1914–1916)[10]
  • Brazier (1902–1903)[10]
  • Brecht (1901–1903)[31]
  • Brennan (1902–1908)[10]
  • Brew-Hatcher (1904–1905)
  • Brewster & Co. (1915–1925, 1934–1937)
  • Briggs and Stratton (1919–1923)[10]
    Smith Flyer model
  • Briggs-Detroiter Motor Car Co. (1912–1917)
  • Brightwood[10]
  • Briscoe Motor Co. (1913–1923)
  • Bristol (1903–1904)[31]
  • Broc Electric (1909–1916)[26]
    Based in Cleveland
  • Brogan (1946–1950)[5]
  • Brook (1920–1921)[10]
  • Brooks Steamer (1927)[10]
  • Brown (1914)[10]
  • Brownie (1916)[32]
  • Browniekar (1908–1911)[32]
  • Brush Motor Car Company (1907–1912)
  • Bryan Steam Car (1918–1923)
  • Buckeye (1895)[33]
    Based in Indiana
  • Buckmobile (1903–1905)
  • Buffalo Automobile and Auto-Bi Company (1900–1902)[10]
  • Buffalo Electric (1912–1915)
  • Buffum (1901–1907)
  • Buggy Car Company (1908–1909)[10]
  • Bugmobile (1907–1909)[34]
    Based in Chicago
  • Burdick (1909)[32]
  • Burg (1910–1913)[32]
  • Burns (1908–1912)[32]
  • Burrows (1914–1915)
  • Burtt Manufacturing Co. (1902–1906)[10]
    Cannon model
  • Bush (1916–1924)

C

  • C-A-C (1914–1915)
  • Cady Automobile Company (1899)[35]
  • California (1900–1902, 1910)[36]
  • Caloric (1903–1904)
  • Camelot Motors (1981)[35]
  • Cameron (1903–1920)[37]
  • Campbell (1918–1919)[32]
  • Canda (1900–1902)[32]
  • Cannon (1902–1906)
  • Canoo (2017–2025)[38]
  • Cantono Electric (1904–1907)[32]
  • Car de Luxe (1906–1910)
  • Carbon Motors Corporation (2003–2013)
  • Cardway (1923–1924)[32]
  • Carhart (1871)[32]
  • Carhartt Automobile Company (1910–1912)
  • Carlson (1904)[32]
  • Carrol[32]
  • Carroll (1908)[32]
    Distinct from Carrol
  • Carroll Six (1921–1922)
  • Carter Twin-Engine (1907–1908)
  • Cartercar (1905–1916)
  • Carthage (1914–1915)[32]
  • Case (1911–1927)[39]
    Based in Wisconsin
  • C.B (1917–1918)[32]
  • Ceco (1914–1915)[40]
    Based in Chicago
  • Centaur (1902–1903)[32]
  • Central (1905–1906)[32]
  • Century (1900–1903)[32]
    'Tourist' model
  • Century Motor Company (1911–1915)[32]
    Renamed to 'Century Electric Car Company' in 1915
  • Century Steamer (1906)[31]
  • Cornish-Friedberg Motor Car Co (1907–1909)
  • Chadwick Engineering Works (1904–1916, 1960)[32]
  • Chalfant (1905–1912)[32]
  • Chalmers-Detroit (1908–1914)
    Renamed to Chalmers in 1911
  • Champion (1916)[32]
  • Chandler (1913–1929)
  • Chapman Electric (1899–1901)[32]
  • Charles Abresch Company (1899–circa 1965)
  • Chase (1907–1912)[32]
  • Checker Motors Corporation (1922–1982)
  • Chelsea (1914)[32]
  • Chicago (1902)[41]
  • Chicago Electric (1899–1901)[32]
  • Chicago Motor Buggy (1908)
  • Chicago Recording Scale Co (1906–1907)
    Apollo model
  • Chicago Steam Car (1905–1907)[32]
  • Chief (1908)[12]
  • Christie (1904–1910)[32]
  • Christman (1901–1905, 1907)[32]
  • Church-Field (1912–1913)
  • Church Manufacturing Co (1903–1904)
    Lenawee model
  • Cincinnati Steamer (1903–1904)[31]
  • CinO (1910–1913)[32]
  • Citicar (1974–1976)
  • Clark (1901)[31]
  • Clark Electric (1903–1905)[32]
  • Clark & Company (1903–1904)[42]
    Clarkmobile model
  • Classic (1916–1917, 1920)[32]
  • Cleburne[32]
  • Clénet Coachworks (1975–1980)
  • Clermont[31]
  • Cleveland (1902–1904)[2]
    Built in Cleveland
  • Cleveland (1905–1909)
  • Cleveland (1914)[2]
  • Cleveland (1919–1926)[2]
  • Climber (1919–1924)[43]
  • Clinton E. Woods Electric (1897–1901)[44]
  • Clipper (1956)[45][46]
  • Clough Steamer (1869)[44]
  • Cloughley (1896–1903)[32]
  • Club Car (1910–1911)[32]
  • Clyde Special[32]
  • Clymer (1908)[34]
    Based in Missouri
  • Coates-Goshen (1908–1910)
  • Coats Steam Car (1921–1923)
  • Coda (2009–2013)
  • Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company (1913–1917)
  • Coggswell (1910–1911)[32]
  • Colburn (1906–1911)[47]
    Based in Denver
  • ColbyDenver (1911–1914)[32]
  • Cole Motor Car Company (1909–1925)[48]
    Based in Indianapolis
  • Colonial Motors Corporation (1921–1922)[32]
  • Colonial Electric Car Company (1912)
  • Colt (1907)[49]
    Based in New York
  • Columbia (1897–1913)
  • Columbian Electric[32]
  • Columbia Motors (1916–1924)[32]
  • Columbian Electric (1914–1917)[32]
    Distinct from 'Columbia Electric'
  • Columbus Buggy Company (1907–1908)[32]
  • Columbus Electric (1903–1915)[50]
    Based in Ohio
  • Comet (1917–1922)[32]
    Based in Illinois
  • Comet (1946–1951)[5]
  • Commerce (1907–1908)[32]
  • Commercial Motor Truck Company[51]
    Based in Ohio
  • Commodore Motors Corporation (1921–1922)[32]
  • Commonwealth (1917–1922)[32]
  • Commuter Cars (1998)
  • Comuta-Car (1979–1982)[52]
  • Conrad (1900–1903)[31]
  • Continental (1907–1908)
  • Continental (1914)[53]
    Based in Minneapolis and Chicago
  • Continental (1933–1934)[32]
  • Continental (1956–1957)
  • Corbin (1904–1912)
  • Corbin (1999–2003)
  • Corbitt (1907–1914)[32]
  • Cord (1929–1932,1936–1937)
  • Corinthian (1922–1923)[32]
  • Cornelian (1914–1915)[32]
  • Cornish-Friedberg[32]
  • Correja (1909–1914)
  • Corwin (1905–1906)[54]
    Gas-au-lec model
  • Cosmopolitan (1907–1910)[32]
    Distinct from the Nash Cosmopolitan
  • Cotta Steam (1901–1903)[31]
  • Country Club (1903–1904)[32]
  • Courier (1904–1905)
  • Courier (1909–1911)[32]
  • Courier Car Co (1912)
    'Clermont' model
  • Covert (1902–1907)
  • Coyote Special (1909–1910)
  • C.R. Patterson and Sons (1915–1939), maker of the Patterson-Greenfield automobile and later buses and trucks.[55]
  • Craig-Toledo (1907)[32]
  • Crane (1912–1920)[32]
    Renamed to Crane-Simplex in 1915
  • Crane & Breed (1912–1917)
  • Crawford (1904–1923)
  • Crescent (1913–1914)[32]
  • Crestmobile (1901–1905)
  • Cricket Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
  • Criterion[32]
  • Crompton (1902–1905)[31]
  • Crosley (1939–1952)
  • Crouch (1894–1900)[31]
  • Crow-Elkhart (1911–1923)[56]
  • Crowdus Electric (1899–1902)[32]
  • Crown (1905–1907)[32]
  • Crowther (1915–1917)[32]
    Renamed to 'Crowther-Duryea' in 1917
  • Croxton-Keeton (1909–1914)[57]
    Renamed to 'Croxton' in 1911
  • Cruiser (1917–1919)[32]
  • Culver (1905)[32]
  • Cunningham (1907–1936)[32]
  • Cunningham Sports Cars (1951–1955)[5]
  • Clark-Carter Automobile Co (1909–1913)
    Renamed to Cutting Motor Car Company in 1911; defunct c. 1912; last model year 1913.
  • C.V.I. Motor Car Co (1907–1908)[32]

D

  • Detroit Air-Cooled Car Company (1922–1923)
  • Dagmar (1922–1927)
  • Dale (1974)
  • Daniels (1916–1924)[58]
  • Dan Patch (1910–1911)[59]
  • Darby Motor Car Company (1909–1910)[60]
  • Darling (1901–1902)[61]
  • Darrin (1946, 1955–1958)[5]
  • Davenport (1902)[12]
  • Davis (1908–1929)
  • Davis Cyclecar Company (1914)
  • Davis (1947–1949)[5]
  • Davis Steam Car (1921)[62]
  • Davis Totem (1921–1922)
  • Dawson (1904)[32]
  • Dawson Auto-Mobile (1899–1901)[63]
  • Day Automobile Company (1911–1914)
  • Dayton (1914)
  • Dayton Electric (1911–1915)[64]
  • Deal (1905–1911)[65]
  • Decatur (1910–1911)[66]
  • Decatur (1914–1915)[67]
  • Decker (1902–1903)[32]
  • Deere-Clark (1906; Deere 1907)[68]
  • Deering Magnetic (1918–1919)[32]
  • Defiance Motor Truck (1915–1920)/>
  • De La Vergne (1895–1896)
  • Delling (1924–1927)[31]
  • Delmore (1921–1923)[32]
  • DeLorean Motor Company (1975–1982)
  • De Luxe Motor Car Company (1906–1908)
  • De Mars Electric (1905–1906; Blakeslee Electric 1906; Williams Electric 1906–1907; Byrider Electric 1907–1910)[2]
  • DeMot or DeMotCar (1910–1911)[32]
  • De Motte (1904)
  • Denneed (1916)[2]
  • Derain (1908–1911)[69]
  • Desberon (1901–1904)[32]
  • De Schaum (1908–1909)
  • Des Moines (1902)
  • De Soto Motor Car Company (1913–1914)[70]
  • DeSoto (1928–1961)[71]
  • De Tamble (1908–1913)[32]
  • Detroit Automobile Company (1899–1901)
  • Detroit Automobile Manufacturing Company (1905)[55]
  • Detroit Auto Vehicle Company (1904–1908)
  • Detroit Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
  • Detroit-Dearborn Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
  • Detroit Electric (1907–1939)
  • Detroiter (1912–1917)[32]
  • Detroit-Oxford Motor Car Company (1905–1906)
  • Detroit-Speedster (1913–1914; Saginaw Speedster 1914)[32]
  • Detroit Steam Motors Corporation (1922)
  • De Vaux-Hall Motors Company (1931–1932; Continental-De Vaux 1932)
  • De Vaux Continental (1932–1934)
  • DeWitt (1909–1910)
  • Dewabout (1900–1901)[32]
  • Dey Electric (1917–1919)[32]
  • Dey Griswold (1895–1898)[72]
  • Diamond (1914–1915)[73]
  • Diamond T (1905–1967)
  • Diana (1925–1928)
  • Dile (1914–1917)
  • Dingfelder Motor Company (1903)
  • Disbrow (1917–1918)[2]
  • Dispatch (1910)[32]
  • Dixie (1908–1910)[74]
  • Dixie (1916)[32]
  • Dixie Flyer (1916–1923)[32]
  • Doble steam car (1914–1918, 1922–1931)
  • Dodge (A.M.) Company (1914–1915)
  • Dodgeson Motors (1926)
  • DODO (1912)[19]
  • Dolson (J.L.) & Sons (1904–1907)
  • Dorris Motors Corporation (1906–1926)
  • Dort Motor Car Company (1915–1924)
  • Douglas (1918–1919)[32]
  • Downing Motor Company (1913–1915)[2]
  • Dragon Automobile Company (1906–1908)
  • Drake (1921–1922)[32]
  • Drexel (1916–1917)[32]
  • Driggs-Seabury (1915; Driggs 1921–1923)[32]
  • Drummond (1916–1917)[32]
  • Dual-Ghia (1956–1958)[5]
  • Duck (Jackson model)[75]
  • Dudly Tool Company (1913–1915)[32]
  • Dudgeon Steam (1857, 1866)[31]
  • Duer (1907–1910)[32]
  • Duesenberg (1920–1937)
  • Dumont[76]
  • Dunn (1916–1918)[32]
  • Duplex (1908–1909)[32]
  • Du Pont (1919–1931)
  • Duquesne (1904–1906)[32]
  • Durant Motors (1921–1931)
  • Durocar (1906–1911)[32]
  • Duryea (1893–1917)
  • Dyke (or St Louis) (1899–1901; Dyke-Britton 1904)[77]
  • Dymaxion (1933)[78]

E

  • Eagle (1905–1909)[61]
  • Eagle (1988–1998)
  • Eagle Electric (1915–1916)[32]
  • Eagle Rotary (1914–1915; Eagle-Macomber 1916–1918)[32]
  • Earl Motors Incorporated (1907–1908)[79]
  • Earl (1921–1923)
  • Eastman (1898–1900)[31]
  • Eastman (1901–1902)[80]
  • Eaton Electric (1898–1900)[81]
  • Eck[32]
  • Eclipse Steam (1900–1903)[31]
  • Economy (1916–1919; Economy-Vogue 1920; Vogue 1921–1922)[32]
  • Eddy Electric (1900–1901)[32]
  • Edsel (1958–1960)
  • Edwards-Knight (1912–1913)[32]
  • Edwards (1954–1955)[5]
  • E.H.V. (see Compound)[32]
  • Eichstaedt (1898–1902)[32]
  • Eisenhuth (1904–1908)
    'Compound' model
  • Elberg[82]
  • Elberon (Columbia model)[31]
  • Elbert (1914–1915)[32]
  • Elcar (1915–1931)
  • Elco (1915–1917)[83]
  • Eldredge (1903–1906)
  • Electra (1914–1915)[32]
  • Electric Vehicle (1897–1907)
  • Electronomic[32]
  • Elgin (1916–1924)[32]
  • Elite[84]
  • Elite (1901–1902)[31]
  • Elkhart (see Crow-Elkhart or Komet)[85]
  • Elliott (1897–1899)[85]
  • Ellis[85]
  • Ellsworth (1907)[85]
  • Elmore (1893–1912)
  • El Morocco (1956–1957)[5]
  • Emancipator (1909)[85]
  • Emerson (1917)[86]
  • E-M-F (1909–1912)[85]
    'Wayne' model
  • Empire (1901–1902)
  • Empire (1910–1919)
  • Empire Steam Car (1925–1927)
  • Empire Steamer (1899–1902)
  • Empire Steamer (1904)
  • Endurance Steam Car (1922–1924)
  • Enger (1909–1917)[87]
  • Engler (W.B.) Cyclecar Company (1914–1915)
  • Entz (1914)[85]
  • Erie (1899–1902)[88]
  • Erskine (1927–1930)[85]
  • Eshelman (1953–1961)
  • Essex (1906)[31]
  • Essex Motor Company (1919–1932)
  • Etnyre (1910–1911)
  • Euclid (1908)[2]
  • Eureka (1900)
  • Eureka (1907–1909)
  • Evansville[85]
  • Everitt (1909–1912)
  • Everybody's (1907–1909)[85]
  • Ewing (1908–1910)[89]
  • Excalibur (1965–1997)
  • Excel (1914)

F

  • Fageol (1900, 1917)[85]
  • Fal-Car (1909–1914)[90]
    Also known as F.A.L.
  • Falcon Engineering Company (1907–1909)[85]
    Unrelated to Ford Falcon
  • Falcon-Knight (1927–1929)[85]
  • Famous (1908–1909)[85]
  • Fanning (1901–1903)[85]
  • Farmack (1915–1916)[85]
  • Farner (1922–1923)[85]
  • Faulkner-Blanchard (1910)
  • Federal (1907–1909)[85]
  • Federal Steam (1901–1902)[31]
  • Fenton (1913–1914)[85]
    Unrelated to Fenton Headers
  • Ferris (1920–1922)[2]
  • Fey Touring (1897–1906)[91][92]
  • Fiberfab (1964–1983)
  • Fidelia (1913–1914)[2]
  • Field (1886, 1905)[31]
  • Fina-Sport (1953–1954)
  • Firestone-Columbus (1909–1915)[85]
  • Fischer-Detroit (1914)
  • Fisher (1901–1905)[85]
  • Fisker Automotive (2007–2014)
  • Fisker Inc. (2016–2024)[93]
  • Flagler (1914)[94]
    Based in Michigan
  • Flanders 20 (1910–1912)[85]
  • Flanders Manufacturing Company (1912–1914)[95]
  • Flanders (1913)
    'Flanders Six' model
  • Flexbi (1904)[85]
  • Flint (1923–1927)[85]
  • Flyer Motor Car Company (1913–1914)
  • Forest (1905–1906) Organized in Boston.[96]
  • Forest City[49] (1905[96])
    Manufactured as the Jewell beginning in 1906. Organized in Cleveland, Ohio, & named for the city nickname.[96]
  • Forsyth (circa 1896) Franklin, Minnesota; only a prototype built.[96]
  • Forth (1905)
    New York company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. No cars built.[97]
  • Forth (1910–1911)
    Mansfield, Ohio, company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. Only one prototype car assembled; went bankrupt late 1911.[98]
  • Fort Pitt[85] (1908–1910, 1911)
    Organized in New Kensington, Pennsylvania; moved to Pittsburgh 1911. Always known as the Pittsburgh Six[99]
  • Foster (1889,1901–1904)[31]
  • Fostoria (1906–1907)[85]
  • Fournier-Searchmont[100]
  • Fox (1921–1923)[85]
  • Franklin (1902–1934)
  • Frayer-Miller (1904–1910)[85]
  • Frazer (1946–1951)
  • Frederickson (1914)[85]
  • Fredonia (1902–1904)
  • Fremont (1920–1922)[85]
  • Friedman Automobile Company (1900–1903)[101]
  • Friend Motors Corporation (1920–1921)
  • Fritchle Electric (1905–1920)[85]
  • Frontenac (1906–1913)
  • Frontenac Motor Corporation (1921–1925)[85]
  • Frontmobile (1917–1918)[85]
  • F.R.P. (1914–1916)[85]
  • F.S. (1911–1912)[85][102]
  • Fuller (1908–1910)[85]
  • F.W.D. (1910–1912)[39]
    Based in Wisconsin

G

  • Gabriel (1910–1912)[103]
  • Gaeth (1902–1911)
  • Gale (1905–1907)[104]
  • Galloway (1908–1911)[105]
  • Gardner (1920–1931)
  • Garford (1908, 1911–1913)[85]
  • Gas-au-lec (1905–1906)
  • Gaslight (1960–circa 1961)
  • Gasmobile (1899–1902)
  • Gaylord Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
  • Gaylord (1955–1956)
  • Gearless (1907–1909)[106]
  • Gearless Steamer[31]
  • Gem Motor Car Company (1917–1919)
  • General (1902–1904)[103]
  • General Electric (1891–1898, 1902–1903)[107]
  • General Electric (1898–1900)[108]
  • General Motors Corporation (1908–2009)
  • Geneva (1901–1904)[109]
  • German-American (1902–1903)[85]
  • Geo (1989–1997)
  • Geronimo (1917–1920)[85]
  • Ghent (1916–1918)[85]
  • Gillette (1916)[85]
  • Gillig (1890)
  • G.J.G. (1909–1914)
  • Glasspar (1949–1953)[110]
  • Gleason (1909–1913)[85]
  • Glide (1903–1920)[85]
  • Globe Four (1921–1922)[2]
  • Glover (1920–1921)[85]
  • Golden Eagle (1906)[111]
  • Graham-Paige (1928–1930; Graham 1930–1941)
  • Gramm (1902)[85]
  • Granite Falls[85]
  • Grant (1913–1922)[112]
  • Graves & Condon (1908–1910))[85]
  • Gray Motor Corporation (1922–1926)
  • Gray Light Car (1920)
  • Great Eagle (1910–1918)
  • Great Southern (1910–1914)
  • Great Western (1910–1916)[34]
  • Greenleaf Cycle Company (1902)
  • GreenTech Automotive (2009–2018)
  • Gregory (1920–1922)[85]
  • Greyhound (1914–1916)[12]
  • Grinnell Electric Car Company (1910–1915)
  • Griswold Motor Car Company (1907)
  • Grout (1900–1912)[113]
  • Gurley (1899–1901)[85]
  • G.V (1907)[114]
  • Gyroscope (1908–1909)

H

  • Haase (1902–1904)
  • Hackett Motor Car Company (1916–1919)
  • H.A.L. (1916–1918)[2]
  • Hall (1903–1904)[85]
  • Hall (1914–1915)
  • Halladay (1905–1922)[115]
  • Hamilton (1917)[85]
  • Hamlin-Holmes (1919–1929; Hamlin 1930)[85]
  • Hammer-Sommer (1902–1906)
    Renamed to Hammer Motor Company for 1905–1906
  • Handley Motors Incorporated (1921–1923; Handley 1923)[85]
  • Hanger (1916)[116]
  • Hanover (1921–1927)[85]
  • Hanson (1918–1925)[85]
  • Harding (1916–1917)[117]
  • Hardy[85]
  • Harper (1907–1908)[85]
  • Harrie (1925)[85]
  • Harris (1910)[85]
  • Harrison Wagon Company (1905–1907; Harrison Motor Car Company 1907)
  • Harroun Motor Sales Corporation (1917–1922)
  • Harry S. Houpt Manufacturing Company: (See Houpt (1909); The "New Departure Manufacturing Company" (Bristol, Connecticut)[118] forming of Houpt-Rockwell in 1910) Covered in the German Wikipedia[119]
  • Hartley (1895–1899)[31]
  • Hartman (1914–1918)[85]
  • Harvard (1915–1921)[120]
  • Harwood-Barley (1911–1915)[121]
  • Hasbrouck (1900–1902)[85]
  • Hatfield (1907–1908)[122]
  • Hatfield (1916–1924)[123]
  • Havers Motor Car Company (1908–1914)
  • Hawk Cyclecar Company (1914)
  • Hawkins Cyclecar (1914)[124]
    Xenia model
  • Hawley (1906–1908)[85]
  • Hay-Berg (1907–1908)[125]
  • Haydock[85]
  • Haynes-Apperson (1896–1905; Haynes 1904–1925)
  • Hayward (1913)[85]
  • H.C.S. (1920–1925)[85]
  • Healey (circa 1905–circa 1916)[85]
  • Heine-Velox (1903–1908, 1921–1923)
  • Hendel (1903–1904)[85]
  • Henderson (1912–1914)[126]
  • Henney (1921–1931)[85]
  • Henney (1960–1964)
  • Henry Motor Car Company (1910–1912)
  • Henry J (1951–1954)
  • Hercules (1914–1915)[85]
  • Herff-Brooks (1915–1916)
  • Herreshoff Motor Company (1909–1914)
  • Hertel (1895–1900)[85]
  • Hertz (1924–1927)[85]
  • Heseltine (1916–1917)[85]
  • Hewitt (1906–1907)[127]
  • Hewitt (1905–1914) [128]
  • Hewitt-Lindstrom (1900–1901)
  • Heymann (1898–1907)[85]
  • Hidley Steam Car (1901)
  • Highlander (1919–1922)[85]
  • Hill (1904–1908)[85]
  • Hines (1908–1910)[85]
  • Hitchcock Motor Car Company (1909)
  • Hobbie Accessible (1908–1909)
  • Hoffman (1901–1904)[129]
  • Hoffman (1931)
  • Holden (1915)[130]
  • Holland (1902–1903)[31]
  • Holley (1900–1904)
  • Hollier (1915–1921)
  • Holly Six (1913–1915)[131]
  • Holmes (1906–1907)[86]
  • Holsman (1901–1911)
  • Hol-Tan (1908)
  • Holyoke (1899–1903)[132]
  • Homer Laughlin (1916)[85]
  • Hoosier Scout (1914)[85]
  • Hoover (1913–1914)
  • Hoskins (1920)[85]
  • Houpt (1909; Houpt-Rockwell 1910)[85]
  • House Steamer (1867)[133]
  • Howard (1895–1903)[132]
  • Howey (1907–1908)[85]
  • Hudson Motor Car Company (1909–1957)
  • Huffman (1919–1925)
  • Hupp Motor Car Company (1909–1940)
  • Hupp-Yeats Electric Car Company (1911–1919)
  • Huron River Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)
  • Hydromotor Car Manufacturing Company (1914–1917)[85]

I

  • Illinois Electric (1897–1901)[134]
  • Imp (1913–1914)[85]
  • Imperial Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
  • Imperial Automobile Company (1908–1916)[85][135]
  • Imperial (1955–1975, 1981–1983)
  • Imperial Electric (1903–1904)[85]
  • Independent Harvester (1910–1911)[85]
  • Indiana (1901)[12]
  • Indianapolis (see Black)[85]
  • International (1899) (see Strathmore)[136]
  • International (1899)[137]
  • International (1900)[138]
  • International Cyclecar Company (1914)[32]
    'Economy' model
  • International Motor Cars (Apollo; 1962–1964)
  • International Power Company (1900)[137]
  • International (1901–1903)[139]
  • International Cyclecar Company (1914)[140]
  • International Harvester (1907–1980)
  • Inter-State (1909–1919)[85]
  • Iroquois (1903–1907)[19]

J

  • Jackson Automobile Company (1903–1923)
  • Jacquet Motor Corporation (1921)
  • Jaeger Motor Car Company (1932–1933)
  • James (1909–1911)[85]
  • Janney Motor Company (1906)
  • Jarvis-Huntington (1912)[85]
  • Jaxon Steam (1903)[141]
  • Jeffery (1902–1917)
  • Jenkins (1907–1912)[85]
  • Jersey City Machine Co. (1919–1920)
    Argonne model
  • Jewell (1906–1907; Jewel 1908–1909)[85]
  • Jewett (1922–1927)
  • Johnson (1905–1912)[142]
  • Jones (1914–1920)[143]
  • Jones-Corbin (1903–1907)[143]
  • Jonz (1909–1912)[143]
  • Jordan (1916–1931)
  • J.P.L. Cyclecar Company (1913)[144]
  • Julian (1918, 1925)[143]
  • Junior R (1924)

K

  • Kaiser-Frazer Corporation (1945–1955; Kaiser Motors 1951–1955)
  • Kalamazoo (1908–1914)[143]
    Michigan model
  • Kane-Pennington[143]
  • Kansas City (1906–1908; Kansas City Wonder 1909)[145]
  • Kato (1907–1913)[143]
  • Kauffman (1909–1912)[143]
  • K-D (1912–1913)[143]
  • Kearns (1909–1916)[143]
  • Keene Steamobile (1900–1901)[31]
  • Keeton Motor Company (1912–1914)[146]
  • Keller (1948–1950)[5]
  • Kelsey (1897–1902, 1920–1924)[147]
  • Kenmore (1910–1912)[143]
  • Kensington (1899–1904)[31]
  • Kent (1916–1917)[143]
  • Kent's Pacemaker (1900)
  • Kenworthy (1920–1921)[143]
  • Kermath Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
  • Kessler Motor Company (1920–1921; Kess-Line 8 1922)
  • Keystone (1899–1900)
  • Keystone (1900)[148]
  • Keystone (1914–1915)
  • Kiblinger (1907–1909)[143]
  • Kidder (1899–1903)[31]
  • Kimball Electric (1910–1912)[143]
  • King (1896, 1911–1923)[12]
  • King Midget (1947–1970)[149]
  • King-Remick (1910)
  • Kinner[150]
  • Kirk (1901–1905)[151]
    Yale model
  • Kissel (1906–1930)
  • Kleiber (1924–1929)[143][152]
  • Kline Kar (1910–1923)[143]
  • Klink (1907–1910)[143]
  • Klock (1900–1901)[143]
  • Knickerbocker (1901–1903)[143]
  • Knox (1900–1914)
  • Koehler (1910–1912)[143]
  • Komet (1911)
  • Konigslow[143]
  • Koppin Motor Company (1914)
  • Krastin Automobile Company (1901–1904), based in Cleveland[153] Produced Krastin Gasoline Automobile (1901)
  • K-R-I-T Motor Car Company (1909–1915)
  • Krueger (1905–1906)[143]
  • Kunz (1902–1905)[154]
  • Kurtis (1949–1950, 1954–1955)
  • Kurtz-Automatic (1920–1925)[153]

L

  • Laconia (1914)[143]
  • Lad's Car (1912–1914)
  • LaFayette (1919–1924)[143]
  • La Marne (1919–1921)[153]
  • Lambert (1906–1917)
  • Lancamobile (1900–1901)[143]
  • Lane (1900–1911)[141]
  • Lanpher (1906–1916)[143]
  • Lansden Electric (1901–1903, 1906–1910)[155]
  • La Petite (1905)[143]
  • LaSalle (1927–1940)
  • La Salle-Niagara (1905–1906)[156]
  • Laurel (1916–1920)[143]
  • Lauth (1905; Lauth-Juergens 1908–1909)[143]
  • L. C. Erbes (1915–1916)[143]
  • L & E (1924–1934)[143]
  • Leach (1899–1901)[133]
  • Leach (1920–1923; Leach-Biltwell))[143]
  • Leader (1905–1912)[143]
  • Lende (1902–1909)[143]
  • Lenox (1911–1917)[143]
  • Lenox Electric[143]
  • Leon Rubay (1923)[153]
  • Lescina (1916)[143]
  • Lewis (1914–1916)[157]
  • Lewis Motocycle (1895)[158][159]
  • Lexington (1909–1927)
  • Liberty Motor Car Company (1916–1924)
  • Light Steamer (1901–1902)[160][161]
  • Light Motor Car Company (1914)
  • Lincoln (1912–1913)[162] (see also Sears Roebuck)
  • Lincoln Motor Car Company (1914)
  • Lindsley (1908–1909)[143]
  • Lion Motor Car Company (1909–1912)
  • Liquid Air (1899–1902)
  • Little Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
  • Little Detroit Speedster (1913–1914)
  • Littlemac (1930–1932)[143]
  • Local Motors (2007–2022)
  • Locke[31]
  • Locomobile (1899–1929)
  • Logan (1904–1908)[143][163]
  • Logan (1903–1908)
  • Logan (cyclecars; 1914)[164]
  • Lone Star (1919–1922)
  • Longest (1906)[143]
  • Loomis (1900–1904)[31]
  • Lordstown Motors (2018–2023)
  • Lorraine (1920–1922)[143]
  • Los Angeles (1914)[143]
  • Lowell-American (1908–1909)[143]
  • Lozier Motor Company (1900–1918)[165]
  • L.P.C.[143]
  • LuLu (1914–1915)
  • Luverne (1904–1917)
  • Lyman (1904)[143]
  • Lyman & Burnham (1903–1905)[143]
  • Lyons-Knight (1913–1915)[31]

M

  • Mackle-Thompson (1903)[143]
  • Macomber (1913)[143]
  • Macon (1915–1917)[143]
  • Madison (1915–1919)[143]
  • Magic[143]
  • Mahoning (1904–1905)[143]
  • Maibohm (1916–1922)[143]
  • Malcolm (1900)[143]
  • Malcolm Jones (or Malcolm) (1914–1915)
  • Malden Steam (1898, 1902)[166]
  • Manexall (1920)[143]
    'Cyclomobile' model
  • Manistee Motor Car Company (1910–1913)[143]
    Autoette model
  • Manta (1974–1986)
  • Marathon (1906–1914)
  • Marble-Swift (1903–1905)
  • Marion (1901)
  • Marion (1904–1915; Marion-Handley 1916–1918)
  • Marion Flyer (1910)
  • Marmon (1902–1933)
  • Marlboro (1900–1903)[143]
  • Marquette (1912)[167]
  • Marquette (1930)
  • Marr (1903–1904)
  • Marsh (1920–1923)[168]
  • Martin (1898–1900)[143]
  • Martin Wasp[143]
  • Marvel Motor Car Company (1907)
  • Maryland (1907–1910)
  • Maryland Steamer (1900–1901)
  • Mason (1898–1899)[31]
  • Mason (1906–1914)[169]
  • Massillon (1909)[143]
  • Master (1907)[116]
  • Matheson Motor Car Company (1903–1912)
  • Maxim Motor Tricycle (1895; Maxim-Goodridge Electric 1908)[143]
  • Maxwell-Briscoe (1904–1913; Maxwell Motor Company 1913–1925)
  • Mayer (1899–1901)[143]
  • Mayfair (1925)[143]
  • Maytag-Mason (1910–1911)[170]
  • McCue (1909–1911)[171]
  • McCurdy (1922)[143]
  • McFarlan (1909–1928)
  • McGill (1917)[143]
  • McIntyre (1909–1915)[143]
  • McKay Steamer (1899–1902)[31]
  • Mecca (1915–1916)[143]
  • Med-Bow[143]
  • Media (1899–1900)[143]
  • Mel Special (1918–1924)[143]
  • Menominee Electric Manufacturing Company (1915)
  • Mercer (1909–1919)
  • Mercury Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)[143]
  • Mercury (1939–2011)
  • Merit Motor Company (1921–1922)[153]
  • Merkel (1905–1907)[172]
  • Merkur (1985–1989)
  • Merz (1914)[143]
  • Meteor (1904–1905)[173]
  • Metropol (1913–1914)[143]
  • Metropolitan (1922–1923)[174]
  • Metz (1909–1921)[175]
  • Metzger (see Everitt)[143]
  • Michigan Automobile Company (1901)[176]
    'Carter Steam' model
  • Michigan Automobile Company (1902)[44]
    Later renamed Clipper Automobile Company
  • Michigan Automobile Company (1903–1908)
  • Michigan Buggy Company (1908–1914)
  • Michigan Steamer (1901)[176]
  • Middleby (1909–1913)[143]
  • Midland (1908–1913)[177]
  • Midwest[143]
  • Mier (1908–1909)[143]
  • Milac (1916)[143]
  • Milburn Electric (1915–1923)[143]
  • Miller Car Company (1911–1914)
  • Mills (1876)[31]
  • Milwaukee Steamer (1900–1902)[166]
  • Minneapolis[143]
  • Mino (1914)[143]
  • Mitchell (1903–1923)[178]
  • Mitchell-Lewis (see Mitchell)[143]
  • Mobile (1900–1903)[166]
  • Model (1903–1907)[179]
  • Modoc (1912–1914)[143]
  • Mohawk (1903–1905)[143]
  • Moline[180]
  • Moline (1904–1913; Moline-Knight 1914–1919)
  • Moller (1920–1922)[143]
  • Monarch Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
  • Mondex-Magic (1914–1915)[143]
  • Monitor (1915–1922)[143]
  • Monroe Motor Company (1914–1923)[12]
  • Moon (1905–1930)
  • Mora Motor Car Company (1906–1911)[2]
  • Morgan (1900–1902)[181]
  • Morris & Salom (1895–1897)
  • Morriss-London (1919–1923)[143]
  • Morse (1902)[182]
  • Mosler Automotive (1985–2013)
  • Motor Bob (1914)
  • Motorcar Company (1905–1907; Cartercar 1905–1915)
  • Motorette (1911–1914)[143]
  • Moyea (1903–1904)[143]
  • Moyer (1911–1915)[143]
  • Mount Pleasant Motor Company (MPM) (1914–1915)[143]
  • Mutual Motors Company (1916–1919)
  • Mueller (1896–1899; also Mueller-Benz)[183] (see Mueller Co., which was founded by the same person)
  • Mueller Manufacturing Company (1893–1952) [184]
  • Multiplex (1912–1913)[143]
  • Muncie[143]
    'Warner' model
  • Muntz (1950–1954)[185]
  • Murdaugh (1901–1903)[143]
  • Murray Motor Car Company (1916–1921; Murray-Mac 1921–1929)[143]

N

  • Nance (1911)[143]
  • Napier Motor Car Company of America (1904–1912)
  • Napoleon (1916–1919)[186]
  • Nash Motors (1917–1957)
  • Nash-Healey (1951–1954)
  • National (1900–1924)
  • Nelson (E.A.) Motor Car Company (1917–1921)[143]
  • Neustadt-Perry (1901–1908, 1915)[143]
    Also known as Neustadt.
  • New England Steamer (1898–1899)[166]
  • New Era (1901–1902)[143]
  • New Era (1916)
  • New Era (1933–1934)[187]
  • New Home (1899–1901)[143]
  • New York Car & Truck Company (1907–1910)
    Allen Kingston model
  • Niagara (1903–1905)[188]
  • Nichols Shepard (1910–1911)[143]
  • Nielson Motor Car Company (1906–1907)[189]
  • Noble (1902)[153]
  • Noma (1919–1923)[143]
  • Northern Manufacturing Company (1902–1908)[190]
  • Northway (1921–1922)[143][164]
  • Northwestern[143]
    'Haase' and Logan models
  • Norton (1901–1902)[190][191]
  • Norwalk Underslung (1910–1922)[143][192]
  • Nu-Klea Automobile Corporation (1959–1960)
  • Nyberg (1911–1913)[190]

O

  • Oakland Motor Car Company (1907–1931)
  • Oakman-Hertel (1899–1900)[55]
  • Ogren (1915–1917, 1919–1923)[193]
  • Ohio (1900–1902) (see Packard)[194]
  • Ohio (1909–1912)
  • Ohio Electric Car Company (1910–1918)[195]
  • Ohio Falls[55]
  • Okey (1896–1907)[55]
  • Oldsmobile (1897–2004)
  • Olympian Motors Company (1917–1921)
  • Omaha (1899)[55]
  • Omar (see Browniekar)[55]
  • Only (1909–1913)[55]
  • Orient (1899–1908)
  • Orlo (1904)
  • Ormond Steamer (1904–1905)[166]
  • Orr (1915)
  • Orson (1910–1912)[55]
  • Otto (1910–1911; Ottomobile 1912)[55]
  • Otto-Kar (1902–1904)[196]
    Also known as Ottokar
  • Otto-mobile (1899)[55]
  • Overholt[166]
  • Overland (1903–1926, 1939)
  • O-We-Go (1914)
  • Owen (1899–1901)[197]
  • Owen Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
  • Owen Magnetic (1915–1922)
  • Owen Schoeneck[55]
  • Owen Thomas (1908–1910)[55]
  • Oxford (1900)[166]

P

  • Paccar (1905)
  • Pacific Motor Vehicle Company (1900–1904)[55]
  • Packard (1895–1898)[198]
  • Packard Motor Car Company (1899–1958)
  • Paige-Detroit (1908–1911; Paige 1911–1928; Graham-Paige 1928–1930)
  • Palmer (1905–1906)[153]
  • Palmer-Singer (1908–1914)[55]
  • Pan (1919–1921)[55]
  • Panam (1902–1903)[55]
  • Pan-American (1917–1922)[55]
  • Paragon (1906)
  • Parenti (1920–1922)[55]
  • Parry (1910; New Parry 1911–1912)[199]
  • Parsons Electric (1905–1906)[153]
  • Partin (1913; Partin-Palmer 1913–1917)[200]
  • Paterson (W. A.) Company (1909–1923)
  • Pathfinder (1912–1917)[55]
  • Pawtucket (1901–1902)[166]
  • Payne-Modern (1907–1908)[55]
  • Peerless (1900–1933)
  • Peerless Steam (1901)[201]
  • Pence Automobile Company (circa 1905)[202]
  • Penn (1901)[203]
  • Penn (1908)[203]
  • Penn (1910–1913)[203]
  • Pennant (1924–1925)
  • Pennington (1894–1900)[204]
  • Pennsy (1916–1918)[55]
  • Pennsylvania (1907–1911)[12]
  • People's (1900–1902)[205]
  • Perfection (1907–1908)[55]
  • Perfex (1912–1913)[55]
  • Peter Pan (1914–1915)[75]
  • Petrel (1909–1912)[206]
  • Phelps (1903–1905)
  • Phianna (1917–1922)[55]
  • Phillips (1980–198?)[207]
  • Phipps-Grinnell (1911; Phipps Electric 1912)[55]
  • Pickard (1909–1912)[55]
  • Piedmont (1917–1922)
  • Pierce-Arrow (1900–1938)
  • Pierce-Racine (1904–1911)[154]
  • Piggins (1908–1910)
  • Pilgrim (1911)
  • Pilgrim Motor Car Company (1915–1918)
  • Pilliod (1915–1916)[55]
  • Pilot (1909–1924)[55]
  • Pioneer (1907–1912)[55]
  • Planche[55]
  • Plass (1897)
  • Playboy (1947–1951)
  • Plymouth (1910)[55]
  • Plymouth (1928–2001)[55]
  • Pneumobile (1914–1915)[55]
  • Pomeroy (1920–1924)[196]
  • Ponder (1923)[55]
    Renamed from Bour-Davis
  • Pontiac Spring and Wagon Works (1907–1908)[208]
  • Pontiac (1926–2010)
  • Pope-Hartford (1904–1914)[55]
  • Pope-Robinson (1903–1904)
  • Pope-Toledo (1903–1909)
  • Pope-Tribune (1904–1908)[55]
  • Pope-Waverley (1903–1908)
  • Port Huron[55]
    Havers model
  • Porter (1900–1901)[209]
  • Porter (1919–1922)[210]
  • Portland (1914)[55]
  • Postal (1906–1908)[55]
  • Powell (1930s–1960s)
  • Powell (1955–1956)[211]
  • Powercar (1909–1911)[55]
  • Pratt-Elkhart (1909–1911; Pratt 1911–1915)[55]
  • Premier (1902–1926)
  • Premocar (1920–1923)[55]
  • Prescott (1901–1905)[166]
  • Primo (1910–1912)[55]
  • Princess Motor Car Company (1914–1918)[55]
  • Princess Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
  • Prospect (1902, 1907–1908)[55]
  • Pullman (1905–1917)[12]
  • Pungs Finch (1904–1910)
  • Puritan (1902–1905)[31]

Q

  • Queen (1904–1907)
  • Quick (1899–1900)
  • Quinby (1899)

R

  • Railsbach (1914)[55]
  • Rainier (1905–1911)[55]
  • Raleigh (1921–1922)[55]
  • Rambler (1900–1914)
  • Rambler (1958–1969)
  • Randall (1902–1903)[55]
  • Ranger (1907–1910)[212]
  • Rapid Motor Vehicle Company (1902–1909)[55]
  • Rauch & Lang (1905–1932)[55][213]
    Also known as Raulang.
  • Rayfield (1911–1915)
  • R.C.H (1912–1915)[55]
  • Read Motor Company (1913–1914)[214]
  • Reading (1910–1913)[215]
  • Reading Steamer (1901–1903)[31]
  • Real Cyclecar (1914; Real Light Car 1914–1915)[55]
  • Reber (1902–1903)
  • Red Bug (1924–1930)[216]
  • Red Jacket (1904–1905)[55]
  • Rees (1921)[55]
  • Reeves (1896–1898, 1905–1912)[217]
  • Regal Motor Car Company (1908–1918)[55]
  • Regas (1903–1905)[55]
  • Reliable Dayton (1906–1909)[55]
  • Reliance Automobile Manufacturing Co (1904–1906)[55]
  • Remington (1895, 1900–1904)[218]
  • REO Motor Car Company (1905–1975)
  • Renaissance Cars Inc (1994–1997)[219]
    Also known as Zebra Motors Inc.
  • Republic (1910–1916)[55]
  • ReVere (1918–1926)[55]
  • Rex Motor Co (1914)[55]
  • RiChard (1914–1919)[196]
  • Richelieu (1922–1923)[55]
  • Richmond (1902–1903)
  • Richmond (1904–1917)[55]
  • Rickenbacker Motor Company (1922–1927)
  • Ricketts Automobile Co (1909–1911)[55]
  • Riddle (1916–1926)[55]
  • Rider-Lewis (1908–1911)[55]
  • Riker Electric (1897–1902)[55]
  • Ritz (1914–1915)[55]
  • Riviera (1907)[55]
  • R-O[55]
  • Roader (1911–1912)[55]
  • Roamer (1916–1929)[55]
  • Robe (1914–1915)[19]
  • Robie Motor Car Co (1914)
  • Robinson (1900–1902)[55]
  • Robson (1909)[55]
  • Rochester (1901)[220]
  • Rock Falls (1919–1925)[55]
  • Rockne (1932–1933)[55]
  • Rockway (1910–1911)[55]
  • Rockwell (1910–1911)[55]
  • Rodgers (1921)[55]
  • Roebling-Planche (1909)[55]
  • Rogers (1899–1900)[221]
    Steamobile model
  • Rogers Motor Car Co (1911–1912)[222]
  • Rogers & Hanford (1899–1902)[153]
  • Rollin (1924–1927)[153]
  • Rolls-Royce (1921–1935)[55][223]
  • Roosevelt (1929–1930)
  • Roper (1860–1896)[55]
  • Ross Steamer (1905–1909)
  • Ross (1915–1918)
  • Rotary (1921–1923)[55]
  • Royal Motor Company (1904–1911)[153]
    'Tourist' model
  • Rubay[55]
  • Rugby (1920s)
  • Rushmobile[55]
  • Russell (1903–1904)[153]
  • Rutenber (1902)
  • Ruxton (1929–1930)
  • R&V Knight (1920–1924)[55]

S

  • Saginaw (1914)[55]
  • Saginaw Eight (1916)[224]
  • Salisbury (1895)[158][225]
  • Salter (1909–1915)[55]
  • Salvador (1914; S-J-R 1915–1916)[55]
  • Sampson (1904, 1911)
  • Sandusky (1902–1904)[55]
  • Santos Dumont (1902–1904)[226]
  • Saturn (1991–2010)
  • Saxon Motor Car Company (1913–1923)
  • Sayers (1917–1924)[55]
  • Schacht (1904–1913)
  • Schaum (1901–1905)[55]
  • Schoening (1895)[158][227]
    'Kerosine Carriage' model
  • Scott (1900–1901, 1903)[55]
  • Scott-Newcomb (1920–1921)[31]
    Standard Steam Car model
  • Scripps-Booth Corporation (1913–1923)
  • Searchmont (1900–1903)[100]
  • Sears (1905–1915)[228]
  • Sebring (1910–1912)[229]
  • Sekine (1923)[55]
  • Selden (1907–1914)
  • Sellers (1909–1912)[55]
  • Senator (1912)[55]
  • Seneca (1917–1924)[55]
  • Serpentina (1915)[55]
  • Serrifile (1921–1922)[55]
  • Seven Little Buffaloes (1909)[230]
  • Severin (1920–1921)[55]
  • S.G.V. (1911–1915)[55]
  • Shad-Wyck (1917–1923)
  • Shain[55]
  • Sharon (1915)[55]
  • Sharp (1908–1910)[231]
    'Arrow' model
  • Shawmobile (1908–1930)
  • Shawmut (1906–1908)[55]
  • Shay (1979–1982)[232]
  • Shelby (1903)[55]
  • Sheridan (1920–1921)[55]
  • Shoemaker (1906–1908)[55]
  • Sibley (1910–1911)[55]
  • Signet (1913–1914)[55] 'Fenton' model
  • Silent-Knight (1905–1907)[55]
  • Silent Sioux[55]
    'Fawick Flyer' model
  • Silver-Knight[55]
    'Silver' model
  • Simplex (1907–1919)[55]
  • Simplicity (1907–1911)[55]
  • Simplo (1908–1909)
  • Sinclair-Scott (1904–circa 1907)
  • Singer (1914–1920)[55]
  • Single Center (1906–1908)
  • Sintz (1899–1904)
  • Skelton (1920–1922)[55]
  • Skene (1900–1901)
  • Skorpion (1952–1954)[5]
  • S&M (1913)[55]
  • Small Motor Car Company (1910)
  • Smith Automobile Company (1902–1917)
    Renamed to Great Smith for 1907–1911
  • Smith & Mabley[55]
    Also known as S&M Simplex
  • Smith Flyer (1915–1919)
  • Snyder (1908–1909)[55]
  • Sommer (1904–1905)[55]
  • Soules Motor Car Company (1905–1908)
  • Southern (1908–1909)[55]
  • Southern Motor Car Co (1908–1910)[233][234]
    'Dixie Junior' and 'Dixie Tourist' models.
  • Sovereign (1906–1907)[55]
  • Spacke (1919)[3]
  • Spaulding (1902–1903)
  • Spaulding (1910–1916)[3]
  • Speedway (1904–1905)[3]
  • Speedwell (1907–1914)
  • Spencer (1921–1922)[235]
  • Spencer Steamer (1862, 1901–1902)[236]
  • Sphinx (1914–1916)[3]
  • Spoerer (1908–1914)[3]
  • Springer (1903–1905)[3]
  • Springfield (1900–1901)[31]
    Steam cars
  • Sprite (1914)[3]
  • Squier (1899)[31]
  • Stafford (1908–1915)[3]
  • Stammobile (1900–1901)[3]
  • Standard (1904–1908)
  • Standard (1912–1923)
  • Standard Six (1909–1910)
  • Standard Steel Car Company (1912–1923)[3]
  • Standard Electrique (1911–1915)[3]
    Also known as Standard Electric
  • Standard Steam Car (1920–1921)[237]
  • Stanley (1907–1910)[238]
  • Stanley Steamer (1897–1927)
  • Stanley Whitney (1899)[3]
  • Stanton (1900–1901)[31]
  • Stanwood (1920–1922)
  • Star (1908–1909)[3]
  • Star (1922–1928)[3]
  • Starin (1903–1904)[3]
  • States (1916–1918)[3]
  • Staver (1907–1914)
  • Steamobile (1900–1902)
  • Stearns (1898–1911)
    Became Stearns-Knight for 1912–1929.
  • Stearns Electric (1899–1903)[239]
    Renamed to Stearns Steamer for 1901–1903
  • Steco (1914)[3]
  • Steel Swallow (1907–1908)[3]
  • Stephens (1917–1924)[3]
  • Sterling Steamer (1901–1902)[240][241]
  • Sterling (1909–1911)[242]
  • Sterling (1915–1916)[243]
  • Sterling-Knight (1920–1926)[3]
  • Stevens-Duryea (1901–1915,1919–1927)
  • Stewart-Coats (1922)
  • Stickney Motorette (1914)[3]
  • Stilson (1907–1909)[3]
  • St. Joe (1908)[3]
  • St. Louis (1899–1907)[3]
  • Stoddard-Dayton (1904–1913)
  • Storck Steamer (1901–1902)[31]
  • Storms Electric (1915)[3]
  • Stout Motor Car Company (1932–1946)
  • Strathmore (1899–1901)[31]
  • Stratton (1909)[3]
  • Streator (1905–1911)
    Originally called Erie Motor Carriage Co.
    Halladay model.
  • Stringer (1899–1902)[31]
  • Strobel & Martin[3]
  • Strong & Rogers Electric (1900–1901)[153]
  • Strouse[31]
    Also known as S.R.K.
  • Studebaker (1902–1963)[244]
  • Studebaker-Garford (1903–1911)[31]
  • Studebaker-Packard Corporation (1954–1962)
  • Studillac (1953–1955)[245]
  • Sturges Electric[246]
  • Sturtevant (1905–1907)[31]
  • Stutz Motor Car Company (1911–1935)
  • Stutz Motor Car of America (1968–1987)
  • Stuyvesant (1911–1912)[153]
  • Suburban (1911–1912)[247]
  • Success (1906–1909)[248]
  • Sultan (1908–1912)[3]
  • Summit (1907–1909)[249]
  • Sun (1916–1917, 1921–1922)
  • Sunset (1900–1913)[3]
  • Synnestvedt Electric (1904–1905)[3]
  • Syracuse (1899–1903)[3]

T

  • Tarkington (1922–1923)[3]
  • Taunton (1901–1903)[31]
    Steam cars
  • Templar (1917–1924)[250]
  • Templeton-Dubrie (1910)[3]
  • Terraplane (1932–1939)
  • Terwilliger (1904)[31]
    Empire Steamer model
  • Texan (1920–1922)[251]
  • Thomas (1902–1919)[252]
  • Thomas-Detroit (1906–1908)[3]
  • Thompson (1901–1907)[31]
    Steam cars
  • Thresher Electric (1900)[3]
  • Tiffany Electric (1913–1914)[3]
  • Tiger (1914–1915)[3]
  • Tincher (1903–1909)[253]
  • Tinker & Piper Steam (1899)[254]
  • Tinkham (1898–1899)[3]
  • Toledo (1901–1903)[255]
  • Tonawanda[3]
  • Torbensen (1902–1906)[3]
  • Touraine (1912–1916)[3]
  • Tourist (1902–1910)[3]
  • Tractmobile (1900–1902)[31]
  • Trask-Detroit (1922–1923)[31]
  • Traveler (1907–1908)[3]
  • Trebert (1907–1908)[3]
  • Trimoto (1900–1901)[3]
    Also known as Tri-Motor
  • Trinity Steamer[31]
  • Triumph (1907–1912)[256]
  • Trumbull (1914–1915)[3]
  • Tucker (1946–1949)
  • Tulsa (1918–1922)[3]
  • Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation (1974–1978)
  • Twin City (1914)[3]
  • Twombly (1913–1915)
  • Twyford (1899–1902, 1904–1907)[3]

U

  • US Automobile (1899–1901)
  • Union (1902–1905)
  • United (1919–1920)[3]
  • United States (1899–1903)[3]
    Electric cars
  • United States Long Distance[3]
  • Unito (1908–1910)[153]
  • Universal (1914)[3]
  • Upton Machine Company (1902–1903)[3]
  • Upton Motor Company (1905–1907)

V

  • Van (1911–1912)[3]
  • Van Wagoner (1899–1903)
  • Vaughn (1909)[3]
  • V.E. (1901–1906)[114][3]
    Also known as V.E.C. Electric
  • Vector (1971–1999, 2006–2010)
  • Velie (1908–1929)
  • Vernon (Able 8; 1918–1921)[3]
  • Victor (1905–1911)[257]
  • Victor Page Motors Corp (1921–1924)[10][258]
  • Victor Steamer (1899–1903)[31]
    Previously Overman Steam (1895–1898)
  • Victormobile (1900–1901)[259]
    'Steamer' model
  • Victory (1920–1921)[3]
  • Viking (1907–1908)[3]
  • Viking (1929–1931)[3]
  • Virginian (1911–1912)
  • Vixen (1914–1916)[154]
  • Vulcan (1913–1915)[260]

W

  • Waco (1915–1917)[3]
  • Wagenhals (1910–1915)[3]
  • Wahl (1913–1914)[261]
  • Waldron (1908–1911)[3]
  • Walker Motor Car Company (1905–1906)[3]
  • Wall (1900–1903)[3]
  • Walter (1902–1909)[3](1905–1909) [262]
  • Waltham Steam (1898–1902)[166]
  • Waltham Manufacturing Co (1899–1910)[3]
    'Orient' model
  • Walworth (1904–1905)[3]
  • Ward (1913–1914)[263]
  • Ward Electric (1914–1916)[264]
  • Ware Steam Wagon (1861–1867)
  • Warren (1910–1913)[3]
  • Warwick (1901–1905)[3]
  • Washington (1921–1924)
  • Wasp (1919–1924)[3]
  • Waterloo (1903–1905)[3]
  • Watrous (1905)[3]
  • Watt (1910)[3]
  • Waukesha (1906–1910)[3]
  • Waverley Electric (1898–1903, 1909–1916)[3]
  • Webb Jay (1908)[31]
  • Weidely Motor Company (1915–1917)
  • Welch Motor Car Company (1901–1911)[3]
  • Westcott (1909–1925)
  • Westfield (1901–1903)[31]
  • W.F.S. (1911–1912)[3]
  • Whaley-Henriette (1898–1900)[3]
  • Wharton (1922–1923)[3]
  • Wheeler Manufacturing Company (1904)
  • Whippet (1927–1931)[12]
  • White Motor Company (1900–1918)[3]
  • White Star (1909–1911)[3]
  • Whiting Motor Car Co (1910–1912)[3][265]
  • Whitmore, M.C. Co (1914)
    Arrow Cyclecar model
  • Whitney (1896–1900)[3]
  • Wilcox (1909–1910)[3]
  • Wildman (1902)[3]
  • Wills (C. H.) and Company (1921–1927)
  • Willys (1916–1918, 1930–1942, 1953–1963)
  • Willys-Knight (1914–1933)
  • Willys-Overland (1912–1953)
  • Wilson (1903–1905)
  • Windsor (1929–1930)
  • Wing (1922)[3]
  • Winther (1921–1923)[3]
  • Winton (1896–1924)
  • Wolfe (1907–1909)[3]
  • Wolverine (1904–1906,1927–1928)[3]
  • Woodill (1952–1956)
  • Woodruff (1902–1904)[3]
  • Woods Electric (1899–1916)[266][3]
    Renamed to Woods Dual Power for 1917–1918
  • Woods Mobilette (1913–1916)[3]
  • Worth (J.M.) Gas Engine Manufacturing Co (1902)[267]
  • Worth (1906–1910)[3][267]

X

  • Xander (1901–1902)[124]

Y

  • Yale
  • Yellow (1915–1930)

Z

  • Zehr (1912–1915)[3]
  • Zent (1900–1902, 1904–1906)[3]
  • Zentmobile (1903)[3]
  • Zimmer Motorcars (1978–1988)
  • Zimmerman (1908–1915)[3]
  • Zip (1913–1914)[3]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Kimes and Clark, p. 11
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 190.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx Clymer, p. 210.
  4. ^ Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 18
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p. 1016.
  6. ^ "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916". www.plandegraissage.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  7. ^ "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company". american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  8. ^ "Flyer". www.bessermuseum.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  9. ^ Kimes, p. 29
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz Clymer, p. 205.
  11. ^ "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw". www.theoldmotor.com. July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Clymer, p. 170.
  13. ^ "American Motor Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
  14. ^ "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  15. ^ Clymer, p. 31.
  16. ^ "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co". www.coachbuilt.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  17. ^ a b Kimes, p. 47
  18. ^ Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 19
  19. ^ a b c d e Clymer, pp. 170-171.
  20. ^ Kimes, p. 50
  21. ^ Kimes, p. 57
  22. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 205.
  23. ^ a b c Kimes, p. 74
  24. ^ Clymer, pp. 178, 205.
  25. ^ Clymer, pp. 153, 205.
  26. ^ a b c Clymer, pp. 190, 205.
  27. ^ Clymer, pp. 38, 205.
  28. ^ Clymer, p. 193.
  29. ^ Clymer, p. 115.
  30. ^ Clymer, pp. 5, 61, 205.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Clymer, p. 23.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz Clymer, p. 206.
  33. ^ Clymer, pp. 5, 190.
  34. ^ a b c Clymer, p. 178.
  35. ^ a b Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 9781476611402. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  36. ^ Clymer, pp. 16, 170, 206.
  37. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 206. One of three companies by this name.
  38. ^ "Canoo Files for Bankruptcy, Ending Its Dream of Funky EV Vans". Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  39. ^ a b Clymer, p. 153.
  40. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 252
  41. ^ Clymer, pp. 22, 178.
  42. ^ Clymer, pp. 25, 206.
  43. ^ Clymer, p. 178. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas.
  44. ^ a b c Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 331
  45. ^ Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes, editor (1978), "Automobile Quarterly", ISBN 0-915038-11-0
  46. ^ Triumph and Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile, September 1984 issue; pp. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)
  47. ^ Clymer, p. 87.
  48. ^ Clymer, p. 104.
  49. ^ a b Clymer, p. 63.
  50. ^ Clymer, p. 145.
  51. ^ Clymer, p. 67.
  52. ^ "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  53. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 357
  54. ^ Clymer, p. 158.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt Clymer, p. 209.
  56. ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 206.
  57. ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 206.
  58. ^ Clymer, pp. 158, 206. One of two companies by this name.
  59. ^ Clymer, p. 178. Named for the horse, built in Minneapolis.
  60. ^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in St. Louis, Missouri.
  61. ^ a b Clymer, pp. 5, 206.
  62. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 403
  63. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 403–404
  64. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 404–405
  65. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 405
  66. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 405–406
  67. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 406
  68. ^ Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from the tractor.
  69. ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 206. Built in Cleveland.
  70. ^ Clymer, p. 178. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto.
  71. ^ Clymer, p. 178. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company.
  72. ^ Clymer, pp. 38, 205. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916.
  73. ^ Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from Diamond T.
  74. ^ Clymer, p. 206. Tourist was a model.
  75. ^ a b Clymer, p. 5.
  76. ^ Clymer, p. 206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont
  77. ^ Clymer, p. 206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.
  78. ^ Conceived by Buckminster Fuller.
  79. ^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin, distinct from the Michigan company.
  80. ^ Clymer, p. 190. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland.
  81. ^ Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Eaton's.
  82. ^ Clymer, p. 38.
  83. ^ Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Electric Launch Company.
  84. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 207. Johnson model. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.
  85. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn Clymer, p. 207.
  86. ^ a b Clymer, pp. 170–171, 207.
  87. ^ Clymer, p. 104. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio.
  88. ^ Clymer, p. 207. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley.
  89. ^ Clymer, p. 190. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland.
  90. ^ Clymer, p. 104. Built in Chicago.
  91. ^ "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  92. ^ Scriven, Hayes (March 19, 2008). "Northfield, a town with a past" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2012.
  93. ^ "Fisker's final drive: bankruptcy judge clears liquidation path, but SEC investigation looms large". Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  94. ^ Clymer, p. 166.
  95. ^ Clymer, p. 40.
  96. ^ a b c d Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574.
  97. ^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
  98. ^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, pp. 574-575. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
  99. ^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 575.
  100. ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1289
  101. ^ Clymer, p. 16.
  102. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 593
  103. ^ a b Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
  104. ^ Clymer, p. 51.
  105. ^ Kimes and Clark (1996), p. 625.
  106. ^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the Gearless steamer.
  107. ^ Made by the multinational as experimental models.
  108. ^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the multinational.
  109. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Gasoline and steam.
  110. ^ Flory, p. 1016, credits them only for 1950.
  111. ^ Clymer, p. 207. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia.
  112. ^ Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922.
  113. ^ Clymer, pp. 14, 22.
  114. ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1447
  115. ^ Clymer, p. 207. One of two companies by this name.
  116. ^ a b Clymer, p. 190. Truck maker, based in Cleveland.
  117. ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 190.
  118. ^ Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics. Vol. 19. p. 1456. Retrieved December 5, 2019. (Google books)
  119. ^ Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades. Vol. 20. p. 26. Retrieved December 5, 2019. Google books: (Automobile Notes)
  120. ^ Clymer, p. 170. No relation to the school.
  121. ^ "Indiana Truck History Report". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  122. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 652, 761
  123. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 682 Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer.
  124. ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1524
  125. ^ Clymer, p. 23. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin, sold for US$2000.
  126. ^ Clymer, p. 112.
  127. ^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom.
  128. ^ "Hewitt". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
  129. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland.
  130. ^ Distinct from the Australian company.
  131. ^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Holley.
  132. ^ a b Clymer, pp. 23, 207.
  133. ^ a b Clymer, pp. 5, 23.
  134. ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 207.
  135. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 742
  136. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1407 In Boston.
  137. ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In New York City.
  138. ^ Clymer, p. 207; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
  139. ^ Clymer, p. 23; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769. In Toledo, Ohio.
  140. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In Buffalo, New York.
  141. ^ a b Clymer, pp. 18, 23.
  142. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 153. Built in Wisconsin.
  143. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd Clymer, p. 208.
  144. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  145. ^ Clymer, p. 53. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons.
  146. ^ Clymer, p. 131.
  147. ^ Clymer, p. 208. One of three companies by this name.
  148. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
  149. ^ Flory, pp. 1011–12.
  150. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 774
  151. ^ Clymer, p. 158. Based in Toledo, Ohio.
  152. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 782
  153. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Clymer, p. 190. Based in Cleveland.
  154. ^ a b c Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin.
  155. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Electrette was a model.
  156. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from LaSalle.
  157. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle.
  158. ^ a b c Horseless Age 1895.
  159. ^ Clymer, p. 8. A four-wheeler, despite the name.
  160. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 828
  161. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 635
  162. ^ Clymer, p. 90. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears.
  163. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 859–860
  164. ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1004
  165. ^ began with steam autos
  166. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Clymer, p. 22.
  167. ^ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 890
  168. ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 208. Based in Cleveland.
  169. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.
  170. ^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in Waterloo, Iowa.
  171. ^ Clymer, p. 84.
  172. ^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle.
  173. ^ Clymer, p. 23. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division.
  174. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Nash
  175. ^ Clymer, p. 145. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts.
  176. ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 929
  177. ^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in Moline, Illinois.
  178. ^ Clymer, pp. 36, 153. Built in Racine, Wisconsin.
  179. ^ Clymer, p. 57.
  180. ^ Clymer, p. 208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight.
  181. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Moggie.
  182. ^ Clymer, pp. 22. 208.
  183. ^ Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p. 92.
  184. ^ "Mueller Manufacturing Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
  185. ^ Flory, p. 1016, dates it to 1950.
  186. ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 178. Built in Traverse City, Michigan.
  187. ^ Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton.
  188. ^ Clymer, pp. 170–171, 208.
  189. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Often misspelled as Neilson.
  190. ^ a b c Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1003
  191. ^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle.
  192. ^ Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1005
  193. ^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Milwaukee.
  194. ^ Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p. 1013
  195. ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 209.
  196. ^ a b c Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland.
  197. ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland. Distinct from Owen Magnetic.
  198. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1063 Built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars
  199. ^ Clymer, p. 102. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana.
  200. ^ Clymer, p. 151. Built in Chicago.
  201. ^ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1125
  202. ^ Clymer, p. 42.
  203. ^ a b c Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1126
  204. ^ Clymer, pp. 6, 153.
  205. ^ Clymer, pp. 5, 178, 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
  206. ^ Clymer, p. 153. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin.
  207. ^ Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). Vol. 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 165.
  208. ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the GM division.
  209. ^ Clymer, pp. 13, 23.
  210. ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company.
  211. ^ Flory, p. 1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company?
  212. ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the pickup.
  213. ^ Clymer, p. 190. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland.
  214. ^ Clymer, p. 149.
  215. ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Reading Steamer.
  216. ^ Clymer, p. 209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.
  217. ^ Clymer, pp. 122-124. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana.
  218. ^ Clymer, p. 209. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company.
  219. ^ "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc". Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  220. ^ Clymer, pp. 22, 209.
  221. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 209.
  222. ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name.
  223. ^ Rolls-Royce
  224. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1273
  225. ^ Clymer, p. 8. A tricycle.
  226. ^ Clymer, p. 209. Also known as Dumont.
  227. ^ Clymer, p. 8.
  228. ^ Clymer, pp. 90, 209.
  229. ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring.
  230. ^ Clymer, p. 5. Built in Buffalo, New York.
  231. ^ Clymer, p. 88. Built by William H. Sharp.
  232. ^ "Shay Model A Roadster". shayhistory.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  233. ^ Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910- Retrieved October 28, 2018
  234. ^ The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22- Retrieved October 28, 2018
  235. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to the steam car company.
  236. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 210.
  237. ^ Clymer, p. 210. One of two companies with this name.
  238. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company.
  239. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile).
  240. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 512
  241. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1351
  242. ^ Clymer, p. 210. One of three companies by this name.
  243. ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 210. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name.
  244. ^ Production was continued in Canada until 1966.
  245. ^ Flory, p. 1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.
  246. ^ Clymer, pp. 38, 210.
  247. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash Motors, Chevrolet, or GMC.
  248. ^ Clymer, p. 52.
  249. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment.
  250. ^ Clymer, p. 190, locates them in Cleveland.
  251. ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 210.
  252. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1417–1419
  253. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1423–1424
  254. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1463, 45
  255. ^ Clymer, p. 22; Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1472
  256. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.
  257. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from the Victor steam cars.
  258. ^ "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  259. ^ Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985, p. 1455. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.
  260. ^ Clymer, p. 135. Built in Painesville, Ohio.
  261. ^ Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.
  262. ^ "Walter Automobile Company". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
  263. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company).
  264. ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company).
  265. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1491
  266. ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1519
  267. ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1521

Sources

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