List of political parties in Spain

This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.

Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level, the major parties nationwide being the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

Spain was formerly considered to have a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP;[1] however, the current makeup has no formation or coalition with enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, notably Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.

Political parties with parliamentary representation

Represented in Cortes Generales

Party or coalition Ideology Leader Deputies Senators MEPs Regional dep. Councillors Status
People's Party (PP)
Partido Popular
Conservatism
Christian democracy
Alberto Núñez Feijóo
137 / 350
140 / 265
22 / 61
452 / 1,258
23,412 / 66,979
Opposition
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
Partido Socialista Obrero Español
Social democracy Pedro Sánchez
120 / 350
88 / 265
20 / 61
354 / 1,258
20,784 / 66,979
Government
Vox (Vox)
Vox
National conservatism
Right-wing populism
Santiago Abascal
33 / 350
3 / 265
6 / 61
119 / 1,258
1,695 / 66,979
Opposition
Unite (Sumar)
Sumar
Progressivism
Social democracy
Green politics
Ernest Urtasun
26 / 350
2 / 265
3 / 61
38 / 1,258
1,995 / 66,979
Government
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
Catalan independence
Left-wing nationalism
Social democracy
Oriol Junqueras
7 / 350
6 / 265
1 / 61
33 / 1,258
2,903 / 66,979
Support
Together for Catalonia (JxCat)
Junts per Catalunya
Catalan independence
Populism
Carles Puigdemont
7 / 350
3 / 265
1 / 61
35 / 1,258
2,683 / 66,979
Support
Basque Country Unite (EH Bildu)
Euskal Herria Bildu
Basque independence
Abertzale left
Socialism
Arnaldo Otegi
6 / 350
5 / 265
1 / 61
30 / 1,258
1,399 / 66,979
Support
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea
Partido Nacionalista Vasco
Basque nationalism
Christian democracy
Social democracy
Andoni Ortuzar
5 / 350
5 / 265
1 / 61
31 / 1,258
986 / 66,979
Support
We can (Podemos)
Podemos
Left-wing populism Ione Belarra
4 / 350
0 / 265
2 / 61
17 / 1,258
1,995 / 66,979
Support
Commitment Coalition (Compromís)
Coalició Compromís
Valencian nationalism
Eco-socialism
Green politics
Joan Baldoví
1 / 350
1 / 265
1 / 61
15 / 1,258
662 / 66,979
Canarian Coalition (CCa)
Coalición Canaria
Regionalism
Canarian nationalism
Centrism
Fernando Clavijo
1 / 350
1 / 265
0 / 61
19 / 1,258
304 / 66,979
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)
Bloque Nacionalista Galego
Galician nationalism
Left-wing nationalism
Socialism
Ana Pontón
1 / 350
1 / 265
1 / 61
19 / 1,258
590 / 66,979
Navarrese People's Union (UPN)
Unión del Pueblo Navarro
Conservatism
Christian democracy
Regionalism
Javier Esparza
1 / 350
1 / 265
0 / 61
15 / 1,258
298 / 66,979
Opposition
More for Majorca (Més)
Més per Mallorca
Left-wing nationalism
Democratic socialism
Green politics
Lluís Apesteguia
0 / 350
1 / 265
0 / 61
4 / 1,258
118 / 66,979
Yes to the Future (GBai)
Geroa Bai
Basque nationalism
Social democracy
Uxue Barkos
0 / 350
1 / 265
0 / 61
7 / 50
50 / 66,979
Gomera Socialist Group (ASG)
Agrupación Socialista Gomera
Insularism
Social democracy
Casimiro Curbelo
0 / 350
1 / 265
0 / 61
3 / 1,258
34 / 66,979
Independent Herrenian Group (AHI)
Agrupación Herreña Independiente
Insularism
Canarian nationalism
Centrism
Narvay Quintero
0 / 350
1 / 265
0 / 61
1 / 70
9 / 66,979

Represented in regional parliaments

Party or coalition Ideology Leader Regional dep. Councillors Region
Empty Spain (EV)
España Vaciada
Localism
Ruralism
Tomás Guitarte
6 / 1,258
262 / 66,979
Forward Andalusia (AA)
Adelante Andalucía
Andalusian nationalism
Left-wing populism
Anti-capitalism
Teresa Rodríguez
2 / 109
8 / 9,067
Andalusia
Aragonese Party (PAR)
Partido Aragonés
Regionalism
Centrism
Alberto Izquierdo
1 / 67
334 / 4,155
Aragón
Aragonese Union (CHA)
Chunta Aragonesista
Aragonese nationalism
Eco-socialism
Joaquín Palacín
3 / 67
131 / 4,155
Asturias Forum (Foro)
Foro Asturias
Regionalism
Conservatism
Carmen Moriyón
1 / 45
38 / 928
Asturias
More for Menorca (MxMe)
Més per Menorca
Left-wing nationalism
Democratic socialism
Green politics
Manel Martí
2 / 59
20 / 66,979
Balearic Islands
The Union of Formentera (Sa Unió)
Sa Unió de Formentera
Conservatism Llorenç Córdoba
1 / 59
9 / 66,979
New Canaries–Canarian Bloc (NC–BC)
Nueva Canarias–Bloque Canarista
Canarian nationalism
Social democracy
Román Rodríguez
5 / 70
105 / 66,979
Canary Islands
Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC)
Partido Regionalista de Cantabria
Regionalism
Centrism
Miguel Ángel Revilla
8 / 35
298 / 1,041
Cantabria
Leonese People's Union (UPL)
Unión del Pueblo Leonés
Regionalism
Autonomism
Luis Mariano Santos
3 / 81
234 / 5,194
Castile and León (León)
Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP)
Candidatura d'Unitat Popular
Catalan independence
Anti-capitalism
Socialism
Mireia Vehí
4 / 135
313 / 15,837
Catalonia
Catalan Alliance (AC) Catalan independence
Right-wing populism
Sílvia Orriols
2 / 135
8 / 9,139
Movement for Dignity and Citizenship (MDyC)
Movimiento por la Dignidad y la Ciudadanía
Ceutan autonomism
Regionalism
Fatima Hamed
3 / 25
Ceuta
Ceuta Now! (CY!)
Ceuta Ya!
Democratic socialism
Ceutan autonomism
Mohamed Mustafa
2 / 25
Coalition for Melilla (CpM)
Coalición por Melilla
Social democracy
Progressivism
Regionalism
Mustafa Aberchán
5 / 25
Melilla
We Are Melilla (SML)
Somos Melilla
Regionalism Amin Azmani
1 / 25

Represented in the European Parliament only

Se Acabó La Fiesta was founded right before the 2024 European Parliament election and won 3 seats. It is designated as a grouping of electors rather than as an official political party.

Political parties without representation

Single issue parties

  • Party of the Democratic Karma (Partido del Karma Democrático) (2000–present)
  • Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present)
  • Escaños en Blanco [es] (2010–present)
  • X Party (Partido X) (2012)
  • Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
  • Partido Ibérico
  • Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas

Communist parties

Leftist parties

  • Workers' Front (2018–present)
  • For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present)
  • Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) (2014–present)
  • Actúa (2017–present)
  • Republican Alternative (Alternativa Republicana) (2013–present)
  • Humanist Party (Partido Humanista) (1984–present)
  • Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present)
  • Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
  • Nueva Izquierda Verde
  • Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)

Progressive parties

  • Animalist Party with the Environment[2] (Partido Animalista Con el Medio Ambiente, PACMA) (2003–present)
  • The Greens–Green Group (Los Verdes–Grupo Verde) (1994–present)
  • Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
  • Cannabis Party (Partido Cannabis por la Legalización y la Normalización) (2003–present)
  • The Eco-pacifist Greens (Los Verdes Ecopacifistas) (1988–present)
  • Izquierda Española (2023–present)
  • Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza

Liberal parties

  • Citizens - Party of the Citizenry (Ciudadanos-Partido de la Ciudadanía, CS) (2006–present)
  • Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario) (2009–present)
  • Volt Spain (2018–present)
  • Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)

Conservative parties

  • Partido Familia y Vida
  • Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista [es] (1986–present)

Nationalist parties

  • Falange Española de las JONS (1976–present)
  • Spanish Catholic Movement (1981–present)
  • National Democracy (1995–present)
  • National Workers' Party (Spain) (1999–present)
  • España 2000 (2002–present)
  • Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
  • Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
  • National Alliance (2006–present)
  • Party for Freedom (2013–present)
  • Hacer Nación (2020–present)

Regionalist parties

Andalusia

  • Andalusian Left (1998–present)
  • Andalusian Nation (1999–present)
  • Andalusia by Itself (2016–present)
  • Andalusi Party (2023–present)
  • Partido Regionalista por Andalucía Oriental (PRAO) [es]

Aragon

  • Puyalón de Cuchas (2008–present)

Asturias

  • Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
  • Andecha Astur (1990–present)
  • Asturian Left (1992–present)
  • Asturian Renewal Union (1998–present)
  • Bloc for Asturias (2003–present)
  • Unidá (2007–present)
  • Conceyu Abiertu (2011–present)
  • Compromisu por Asturies (2011–present)

Baleric Islands

Basque Country

  • Zornotza Eginez (local)

Cantabria

  • Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)

Castile and León

  • Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
  • Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
  • Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
  • Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
  • Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
  • Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [es]

Catalonia

  • The Greens–Green Alternative (1999–present)
  • Catalan Republic Party (2006-present)
  • Pirate Party of Catalonia (2010–present)
  • Catalan Solidarity for Independence (2010–present)
  • National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)
  • Som Catalans (2014–present)
  • Communists of Catalonia (2014–present)
  • Convergents (2017–present)
  • We Are Alternative (2017–present)
  • Democratic League (2019–present)
  • Nationalist Party of Catalonia (2020–present)
  • Centrem (2022–present)
  • Alhora (2023–present)

Extremadura

  • United Extremadura (1980–present)
  • Extremaduran Coalition (1995–present)

Galicia

  • Galician People's Front (1986–present)
  • Convergence XXI (2009-present)
  • Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)
  • Pirates of Galicia (2011-present)
  • Commitment to Galicia (2012–present)

Madrid

  • The Greens of the Community of Madrid (1995–present)
  • Municipalist Bench (Bancada municipalista) (2018-present)
  • Recover Madrid (2021–present)

Valencia

  • Valencian Democrats (2013–present)

Other parties

  • Los Parados
  • Nuevo Partido por la Democracia[3][4]
  • Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
  • National Bolshevik Party (Partido Nacional Bolquevique)
  • Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)[5]
  • SOMOS España

National political formations of Spain

Defunct parties

Defunct major parties

Andalusia

Balearic Islands

Basque Country

Catalonia

Ceuta

  • Caballas Coalition (2011-2021)

Galicia

Madrid

  • Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (1995-2011)
  • Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
  • Sum Navarre (2019–2022)

Valencia

  • Valencian People's Union (1982-1998)
  • Valencian Union (1982–2014)
  • Valencian Nationalist Bloc (1999–2021)
  • It is Time (2015-2016)
  • The Valencian Way (2016)

Defunct minor parties

  • Communist Organization of Spain (Red Flag) (1970-1994)
  • Revolutionary Communist League (1971–1991)
  • Communist Movement (1972–1991)
  • Socialist Action Party (1972–2001)
  • Communist Workers League (1973–1999)
  • Spanish Democratic Socialist Party (1975-1978)
  • People's Party (Spain, 1976) (1976-1977)
  • Democratic Socialist Alliance (1976-1977)
  • Spanish Social Reform (1976-1977)
  • Federation of Democratic and Liberal Parties (1976-1978)
  • Liberal Progressive Party (1976-1978)
  • National Alliance July 18 (1977)
  • Independent Spanish Phalanx (1977-2004)
  • Liberal Citizens Action (1977-1979)
  • Progressive Democratic Party (1978–1980)
  • Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)
  • Workers' Socialist Party (1979-1993)
  • Democratic Action Party (1981-1983)
  • Liberal Democratic Party (1982–1984)
  • Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984)
  • Liberal Union (1983-1984)
  • Progressive Federation (1984–1988)
  • Communists' Unity Board (1986)
  • Republican Popular Unity (1986–1987)
  • National Front(1986-1993)
  • The Ecologist Greens (1986-1994)
  • Green List (1989)
  • Alternative Left (1991–1993)
  • Coalition for a New Socialist Party (1992-1996)
  • Workers' Revolutionary Party (1994-2002)
  • Forum (1991-1995)
  • Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005)
    • National Alliance
  • Republican Coalition (1996)
  • Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008)
  • Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
  • The Phalanx (1999–2024)
  • Citizens for Blank Votes (2002–2022)
  • Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
  • National Front (2006–2011)
  • Liberal Democratic Centre (2006–2014)
  • Pirate Party (2006–2022)
  • Open Left (2012–2018)
  • Building the Left–Socialist Alternative (2013-2018)

Andalusia

  • Socialist Alliance of Andalusia (1965-1976)
  • Andalusian Social Liberal Party (1976-1978)
  • Andalusian Liberation (1985-1989)
  • Andalusian Progress Party (1993–1996)
  • Socialist Party of Andalusia (2001–2011)
  • Andalusian Convergence (2006–2013)

Asturias

  • Asturian Nationalist Council (1979–1981)
  • Ensame Nacionalista Astur (1982–1988)
  • Asturian Nationalist Unity (1988–1992)

Balearic Islands

  • Socialist Party of the Islands (1976-1977)
  • Nationalist Left of the Balearic Islands Federation (1989-1998)

Basque Country

  • Basque Nationalist Action (1930–2008)
  • Zutik (1991–2011)
  • Askatasuna (1998–2009)
  • Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008)
  • Herritarren Zerrenda (2004)
  • Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009)

Cantabria

  • Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)

Castile and León

  • Nationalist Party of Castile and León (1977-2002)
  • Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
  • Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
  • Segoviemos (2015-2016)

Catalonia

  • National Front of Catalonia (1940-1990)
  • Socialist Party of National Liberation (1968-2015)
  • Party of Labour of Catalonia (1969–1980)
  • Catalan Workers' Left (1972-1981)
  • Socialist Party of National Liberation - Provisional (1974-1979)
  • Democratic Left of Catalonia (1975–1978)
  • League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party (1976–1977)
  • Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping (1976-1978)
  • Catalan Centre (1976-1978)
  • Social Democratic Party of Catalonia (1976–1988)
  • Marxist Unification Movement(1976-1978)
  • Communist Collective of Catalonia (1977-1979)
  • Democratic Union–Broad Centre (1978–1979)
  • Union of the Centre of Catalonia (1978–1981)
  • Catalan Workers Bloc (1978-1982)
  • Left Bloc for National Liberation (1979-1982)
  • Left nationalists (1979–1984)
  • Independentists of the Catalan Countries (1979-1985)
  • Catalan Solidarity (1980)
  • Party of the Communists of Catalonia (1982–2014)
  • Movement for Defence of the Land (1984-2014)
  • Agreement of Left Nationalists (1985-1987)
  • Union of the Catalan Left (1986-1987)
  • Party for Independence (1990-1999)
  • The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (1994–2001)
  • In Struggle (1994–2016)
  • Citizens for Change (1999–2011)
  • Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019)
  • Catalan democracy (2010-2015)
  • New Catalan Left (2012–2014)
  • Free (2016–2022)
  • Braves (2019–2023)

Extremadura

  • Independent Socialists of Extremadura (1994–2018)

Galicia

  • Galician Democratic Party (1976-1978)
  • Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
  • Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
  • Centrists of Galicia (1985–1991)
  • Inzar (1991–2012)
  • Nationalist Left (1992–2012)
  • Primeira Linha (1998–2015)
  • Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015)
  • Cerna (2014-2018)
  • Foral Democratic Union (1987–1991)

Valencia

  • Communist Party of the Valencians (1987-1991)
  • Nationalist Valencian Party (1990-2000)
  • Valencian Coalition (2014-2011)
  • The Greens–Ecologist Left of the Valencian Country (2004–2014)
  • Gent de compromís (2013-2019)

Historical parties

Reign of Isabella II and the Sexenio Democrático

  • Moderate Party (1834–1874)
  • Progressive Party (1834–1874)
  • Democratic Party (1849–1869)
  • Liberal Union (1858–1874)
  • Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
  • Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
  • Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
  • Constitutional Party (1872–1880)
  • Conservative Party (1876–1931)
  • Liberal Party (1880–1931)
  • Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
  • Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
  • Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
  • Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
  • Maurist Party (1913–1930)
  • Reformist Party (1912–1924)
  • Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
  • Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)

During the period of the Francoist Regime from 1939 to 1977, Spain was a one-party state. That means that only one political party, the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS), was legally allowed to hold power.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Shake-up in Spain: Reform parties have broken the old two-party cartel - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. 2017-09-29. Archived from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2022-10-27.
  2. ^ A centre-left party focused on the fight for animal rights, the environment and social justice. The party seeks to ban all sorts of bullfighting events.
  3. ^ "La entrevista: 'Somos un ejemplo para los jóvenes'". Pinares Noticias (in Spanish). June 17, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  4. ^ Antón, B. (June 11, 2014). "La vocación por bandera". Diario de Burgos (in Spanish). Retrieved June 27, 2014.
  5. ^ "Resultados elecciones generales 2019 - Muerte al Sistema, el Partido RISA y Unión de Todos: estos son los partidos menos votados el 28-A". Vozpópuli (in European Spanish). Europa Press. 2019-04-29. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  6. ^ "Composición - Congreso de los Diputados". www.congreso.es. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  7. ^ "Fraga se empleó a fondo para lograr que el congreso de AP cambie el nombre del partido". El País (in Spanish). 1989-01-20. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  8. ^ "Spanish ruling party rebels launch new conservative party". Reuters. 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  9. ^ "Vox registra una Ley de Igualdad para derogar las leyes LGTBI en Madrid". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2021-10-25. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  10. ^ "El discurso contra el colectivo LGTBI de Giorgia Meloni, heredera del fascismo italiano, en un mitin de Vox en Marbella". www.lasexta.com (in Spanish). 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  11. ^ "Vox muestra su apoyo a Hungría por "no arrodillarse ante la embestida de la ideología LGTB"". El Plural (in Spanish). 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  12. ^ "Abascal firma una declaración sobre el Futuro de Europa con Orban, Marine Le Pen, Georgia Meloni y Salvini". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  13. ^ González, Miguel (2021-11-10). "Vox quiere endurecer las trabas a la nacionalización de los inmigrantes magrebíes". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  14. ^ "Abascal promueve una carta con políticos americanos contra el comunismo". Infobae (in European Spanish). 26 October 2020. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  15. ^ "Vox estrecha lazos con derecha peruana y suma firmas a su pacto anticomunista". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). 24 September 2021. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  16. ^ "Vox y Fratelli d'Italia crean un grupo de trabajo para romper los "cordones sanitarios"". Vozpópuli (in Spanish). 2021-05-19. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  17. ^ Agencias (2021-05-27). "Orban recibe a Abascal en Budapest y el líder de Vox lo señala como su ejemplo para España". elconfidencial.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  18. ^ Clarke, Seán (22 December 2017). "Catalonia election: full results". The Guardian.
  19. ^ "Ciudadanos in crisis: How Spain's center couldn't hold". Politico. 2021-04-26. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
  20. ^ Pérez, Fernando J. (2019-11-11). "Ciudadanos pierde en todas las provincias más de la mitad de los votos que obtuvo en abril". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2022-08-01.