List of mammals of Europe

This is a list of mammals of Europe. It includes all mammals currently found in Europe (from northeast Atlantic to Ural Mountains and northern slope of Caucasus Mountains), whether resident or as regular migrants. Moreover, species occurring in Cyprus, Canary Islands (Spain) and Azores (Portugal) are listed here. If geographical range of given European mammal additionally overlaps Turkey, it is noted in some of cases. This checklist does not include species found only in captivity. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Introduced species are also noted.

IUCN conservation statusesExtinctionExtinctionExtinct in the wildCritically EndangeredEndangered speciesVulnerable speciesNear ThreatenedThreatened speciesLeast ConcernLeast Concern

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status in Europe - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - extinct, EW - extinct in the wild
CR - critically endangered, EN - endangered VU - vulnerable
NT - near threatened, LC - least concern
DD - data deficient, NE - not evaluated
(v. 2025-1, the data is current as of May 29, 2025[1])

Eulipotyphlans

Erinaceidae

Hedgehogs

Talpidae

Moles
Desmans

Soricidae (shrews)

  • Mediterranean water shrew, Neomys milleri LC [2]

Bats

Pteropodidae (megabat)

Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)

Vespertilionidae (evening bats)

Miniopteridae

  • Schreibers' bat, Miniopterus schreibersii VU and:[n 1]
    • Pallid long-fingered bat, Miniopterus pallidus[6] NT (Caucasus)

Molossidae (free-tailed bats)

Nycteridae (slit-faced bats)

Lagomorphs

The European hare

Leporidae (leporids)

Ochotonidae (pikas)

Rodents

Sciuridae (squirrels)

An alpine marmot

Castoridae

Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)

Gliridae (dormice)

Muroids: Spalacidae (spalacids)

  • Greater mole rat, Spalax microphthalmus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Lesser mole rat, Spalax leucodon LC (eastern Europe)
  • Podolsk mole rat, Spalax zemni EN (eastern Europe)
  • Sandy mole-rat, Spalax arenarius EN (eastern Europe)
  • Balkan mole rat, Spalax graecus VU and:[n 1]
    • Mehely's blind mole-rat, Spalax antiquus[2] EN (Romania)
    • Oltenia blind mole-rat, Spalax istricus[2] CR (Romania)
  • Nehring's blind mole rat, Spalax nehringi LC (may occur in Greece)
  • Giant blind mole-rat, Spalax giganteus[2] LC (Russia)

Muroids: Cricetidae

Hamsters
Lemmings
Voles

Muroids: Muridae

Old World rats and mice
Spiny mice
  • Cretan spiny mouse, Acomys minous DD (Crete)
  • Cyprus Spiny Mouse, Acomys nesiotes DD (Cyprus)
Jirds
  • Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami NA (Greek island of Kos)
  • Tamarisk jird, Meriones tamariscinus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Midday jird, Meriones meridianus LC (eastern Europe)
Gerbils

Muroids: Sminthidae (birch mice)

  • Hungarian birch mouse, Sicista (subtilis) trizona EN (Hungary)
  • Nordmann’s birch mouse, Sicista loriger CR (eastern Europe)
  • Strand's birch mouse, Sicista strandi LC (eastern Europe)
  • Severtzov's birch mouse, Sicista severtzovi CR (eastern Europe) and:[n 1]
    • Tsimlyansk birch mouse, Sicista cimlanica NT
  • Caucasian birch mouse, Sicista caucasica[2] NT (Caucasus)
  • Kazbeg birch mouse, Sicista kazbegica[2] EN (Caucasus)
  • Kluchor birch mouse, Sicista kluchorica[2] LC (Caucasus)

Muroids: Dipodidae (jerboas)

Carnivorans

Ursidae (bears)

Canidae

European jackal (Canis aureus moreotica), a subspecies of golden jackal

Mustelidae (weasels and allies)

Felidae (cats)

The Eurasian lynx

Hyaenidae (hyenas)

Phocidae (earless seals)

Odobenidae

Odd-toed ungulates

Equidae (horse)

Even-toed ungulates

Suidae (pigs)

Bovidae (bovid)

Cervidae (deer)

Cetacea

Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)

Killer whale
Bottlenose dolphin

Phocoenidae (porpoises)

  • Common porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC
    (Baltic Sea subpopulation: EN, ssp. relicta - Black Sea harbour porpoise: EN)

Monodontidae

Kogiidae

Physeteridae

  • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU (Mediterranean subpopulation: EN)

Ziphiidae (beaked whales)

Balaenopteridae (rorquals)

Humpback whale

Eschrichtiidae

  • Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus RE (possible vagrant from Pacific was recorded in 2010[14])

Balaenidae

Introduced animals

Macropodidae (macropods)

  • Red-necked wallaby, Notamacropus rufogriseus LC (Britain, Ireland, France and Germany, introduced)

Erinaceidae

Primates

Sciuridae (squirrels)

Myocastoridae

  • Coypu, Myocastor coypus LC (introduced)

Cricetidae

  • Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus LC (introduced)

Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)

Muroids: Muridae

Old World rats and mice

Canidae

Mustelidae (weasel)

Herpestidae (mongooses)

Viverridae (viverrids)

Procyonidae

Bovidae (bovids)

Equidae (horses)

Cervidae (deer)

See also

Further reading

  • Macdonald D., Barrett P., Collins Field Guide: Mammals of Britain & Europe, HarperCollinsPublishers, London, 1993, ISBN 0-00-219779-0
  • Görner M., Hackethal H., Beobachten und bestimmen: Säugetiere Europas, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1987, ISBN 3-7402-0025-1

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Species split from this species or considered as distinct species alternatively. All these taxa occur in the area of interest, including the one on the left.
  2. ^ a b c d e Not recognized as a separate species in the Mammal Diversity Database v. 1.10.[3]
  3. ^ According to the IUCN Red List this distribution needs to be confirmed and bats from North Africa are treated as Pipistrellus kuhlii.[5]

References

  1. ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av "Mammal Diversity Database. (2020). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.2) [Data set]. Zenodo". 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4139818. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d * Mammal Diversity Database (2022). "Mammal Diversity Database. (2022). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.10) [Data set]. Zenodo". doi:10.5281/zenodo.7394529. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  4. ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 474–475. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  5. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Pipistrellus hesperidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136741A22035802. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136741A22035802.en. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  6. ^ Çoraman, E. (2021). "Miniopterus pallidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T81633088A89457387. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T81633088A89457387.en. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  7. ^ Ellerman, J. R. and Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Second edition. British Museum of Natural History, London. Pp. 306–307
  8. ^ Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M.; Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  9. ^ Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Dhendup, T.; Munkhtsog, B.; Smelansky, I.; Barclay, D.; Moqanaki, E. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15640A180145377. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T15640A180145377.en. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  10. ^ WWF (2007) Strategy for the Conservation of the Leopard in the Caucasus Ecoregion. Strategic Planning Workshop on Leopard Conservation in the Caucasus. Tbilisi, Georgia, 30 May – 1 June 2007
  11. ^ Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11).
  12. ^ AbiSaid, M.; Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10274A45195080. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10274A45195080.en. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  13. ^ "List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies". July 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ King, Anthony (20 August 2015). "Are grey whales climate change's big winners?". The Irish Times.
  15. ^ "The Last Truly Wild Horses Are Alive and Well in Chernobyl". Popular Mechanics. October 17, 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  16. ^ "Fresh research shows how horse domestication helped shape humanity". Horsetalk. May 10, 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
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