Timeline of Benghazi

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Benghazi, Libya.[nb 1]

Prior to 20th century

Part of a series on the
History of Libya
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Prehistory  
Ancient history 3200–146 BC
Roman era 146 BC – mid-7C
Islamic rule mid-7c–1510
Spanish Tripoli 1510–1530
Hospitaller Tripoli 1530–1551
Ottoman Tripolitania 1551–1911
Italian colonization:
Italian Tripolitania and Cyrenaica		 1911–1934
Italian Libya 1934–1943
Allied occupation 1943–1951
Kingdom of Libya 1951–1969
Libya under Muammar Gaddafi 1969–2011
First Civil War 2011
National Transitional Council 2011–2012
General National Congress 2012–2014
House of Representatives 2014–present
Second Civil War 2014–2020
Government of National Accord 2016–2021
Government of National Unity 2021–present
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  • 7th century BCE - Euesperides founded by Cyrenians near the site of present-day Benghazi.[1]
  • 1517 CE - Cyrenaica becomes part of Ottoman Tripolitania.
  • 1577 - Atiq Mosque built.
  • 1816/1817 - Massacre occurs at the Ottoman fortress.
  • 1820 - Alhadadp Mosque founded.(ar)
  • 1827 - British consulate established.
  • 1858 - Plague outbreak.[2]
  • 1869 - Administrative Benghazi mutessariflik (province) created.[1]
  • 1874 - Plague outbreak.[2]
  • 1895
    • Barracks built in Al-Berka.
    • Italian "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" active in Benghazi.[2]

20th century

1900s-1940s

  • 1906 - Market burns down.
  • 1911
    • 19 October: Town occupied by Italian forces during the Italo-Turkish War.
    • Population: 35,000.[3]
  • 1913 - Albergo Italia (hotel) built.
  • 1914 - Benghazi–Benina railway begins operating.
  • 1916 - Benghazi Central Station built.[4]
  • 1922 - Benghazi Lighthouse built.
  • 1924 - City Hall built.
  • 1926 - Benghazi-Suluq Railway begins operating.
  • 1927
    • Benghazi–Marj railway begins operating.
    • Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Cyrenaica established.[5]
  • 1928 - Berenice Theatre opens.
  • 1931 - September: Trial of Omar Mukhtar, leading to his execution on 16 September in nearby Suluq.
  • 1934
    • Pier built in the Port of Benghazi.[6]
    • Administrative Benghazi Province created.
  • 1936 - Hotel Berenice built.[7]
  • 1937 - March: Mussolini visits Benghazi.
  • 1939 - Benghazi Cathedral built.
  • 1942
    • November: British forces take city during the Battle of El Agheila in World War II.[8]
    • Italian rule ends.
    • Omar al-Mukhtar Society formed.[9]
  • 1945 - Population: 60,000 (approximate).[10]
  • 1947 - Ahly Benghazi football club active.

1950s-1990s

  • 1952
    • Al-Hilal SC (sport club) formed.
    • University of Oxford's Ashmolean Expedition to Cyrenaica begins its archaeological excavation of Euesperides site.[11]
  • 1953 - City boundary established.[12]
  • 1954 - Al Tahaddy SC (football club) formed.
  • 1955 - University of Libya founded.[8]
  • 1956 - Benghazi Zoo founded.
  • 1957 - Benghazi Military University Academy established.
  • 1964 - Population: 137,295.[13]
  • 1967 - Stadium and Suliman Ad-Dharrath Arena open.
  • 1970s - Giuliana Bridge opens.
  • 1973
    • University of Benghazi active.
    • Population: 266,000.[10]
  • 1980 - February: Protest at French consulate.[14]
  • 1982
    • March: Part of 1982 African Cup of Nations football contest held in Benghazi.
    • Convention centre built.
  • 1984 - Population: 442,860.[10]
  • 1986 - 15 April: Aerial bombing of city by United States forces.[15]
  • 1989 - Tibesti Hotel (hi-rise) built.[16]
  • 1990 - Population: 800,000 (estimate).[17]
  • 1991 - "Administrative Office Complex" (hi-rise) built.[16]
  • 1993 - September: Great Man-Made River constructed; water begins flowing to Benghazi.[18]
  • 2000
    • 1 September: Al-Ahly football stadium demolished.[19]
    • September: Unrest.[14]

21st century

  • 2005 - Population: 685,367 (estimate).[8]
  • 2006 - 15 February: Protest against Muhammad cartoons.[15]
  • 2007 - Quryna newspaper begins publication.
  • 2008 - Sirt–Benghazi Railway construction begins.
  • 2009 - Martyrs of February Stadium opens in nearby Benina.
  • 2011
    • 15 February: Arab Spring-related protest; Libyan Civil War (2011) begins.[15]
    • Al Kalima newspaper begins publication.
  • 2012
    • 19 May: Local election held.
    • June: Pro-autonomy mob ransacks the election commission building.[15]
    • September: United States consulate attacked.[15]
  • 2014
    • 16 May: Benina International Airport closes due to fighting.
    • 15 October: Battle of Benghazi begins.
  • 2017
    • 18 April: Abdelrahman Alabbar becomes mayor.[20]
    • 15 July: Benina Airport reopens.
    • 27 July: Battle of Benghazi officially concludes.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The city of Benghazi is also called: Banghāzī, Bengasi, Bengazi, Benghasi, Berenice, Bernîk, Bingazi, Binghāzī, Euesperides, and Hesperides

References

  1. ^ a b Baedeker 1911.
  2. ^ a b c Britannica 1910.
  3. ^ "Italy: Tripoli and Cyrenaica". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
  4. ^ "Stazione Ferroviaria di Bengasi", Rivista Mensile (in Italian), Touring Club Italiano, 1916, archived from the original on 2015-01-08
  5. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Libya". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  6. ^ Marthelot 1964.
  7. ^ Brian McLaren (2006). Architecture and Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya: An Ambivalent Modernism. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98542-8.
  8. ^ a b c "Benghazi". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  9. ^ Mattawa 2007.
  10. ^ a b c Saad Khalil Kezeiri (1986). "Growth and change in Libya's settlements system". Ekistics. 53 (316/317). Athens: 34–41. JSTOR 43620696.
  11. ^ Vickers 1994.
  12. ^ Bulugma 1964.
  13. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
  14. ^ a b "Libya". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. ISBN 0203409957.
  15. ^ a b c d e "Libya Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 13 June 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  16. ^ a b "Libya: Benghazi". Emporis.com. Hamburg: Emporis GmbH. Archived from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  17. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants" (PDF). Demographic Yearbook 2010. United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-07-10.
  18. ^ "Libya's thirst for 'fossil water'", BBC News, 18 March 2006
  19. ^ "Libya: A donkey taunt, the Gaddafis and a fatal footballing rivalry", The Guardian, UK, 25 May 2011
  20. ^ "مراسم التسليم والاستلام المستشار عبدالرحمن العبار عميدآ لبلدية بنغازي" [Ceremony for Abdelrahman Alabbar, Mayor of Benghazi Municipality]. Benghazimun.ly (in Arabic). 18 April 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
This article incorporates information from the Arabic Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, and Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

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Images

  • Berenice Theatre, Benghazi, opened in 1928; designed by Marcello Piacentini
    Berenice Theatre, Benghazi, opened in 1928; designed by Marcello Piacentini
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