The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
20th century
1900s-1950s
- 1909
- 1 September: Elisabethville site designated seat of Katanga province; named after Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium.
- 27 September: Sakania-Elisabethville railway begins operating.
- 1910
- Union Minière du Haut Katanga (mining entity) active.
- Hôpital Gécamines Sud (hospital) and Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Katanga[2] established.
- Population: 360.
- Émile Wangermée becomes vice governor-general of Katanga.
- 1910s - "Governor's Residence and Imara and Twendelee schools" built.
- 1911
- Journal du Katanga newspaper begins publication.[4]
- Population: 1,000.
- Etoile mining begins near Elisabethville.
- Catholic schools Institut Marie-José and Collège Saint-François de Sales established.(fr)
- 1912
- Racially segregated "native city" established per ordinance.
- Elisabethville becomes seat of Upper Luapula district.
- 1918 - Bukama-Elisabethville railway begins operating.
- 1919
- Population: 8,000 (approximate).
- Ruashi mining begins in vicinity of Elisabethville.
- 1920
- "Management of the Union Minière was transferred from the British to the Belgians."
- Catholic Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral built.
- 1920s - "Makutano Club, Jerusalem United Methodist Church, and the Jewish synagogue" built.
- 1921 - Development of Albert I township begins.
- 1928
- Port-Francqui-Elisabethville railway begins operating.
- L'Essor du Congo newspaper begins publication.[4]
- 1930s- "Courthouse and Mazembe stadium" built.
- 1931 - L'Écho du Katanga newspaper begins publication.[4]
- 1932 - Wallace Memorial Church built.
- 1937 - Musée d'Élisabethville (museum) founded.
- 1939 - Football clubs FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo and FC Saint-Georges formed.
- 1941
- Elisabethville attains city status.
- Development of Kenya township begins.
- 1944 - Premiere of Joseph Kiwele's Cantate à la gloire de la Belgique.[6]
- 1945 - Union Africaine des Arts et Lettres founded.[1]
- 1946 - Académie d'Art Populaire d'Elisabethville founded.[7][2]
- 1949 - Athénée royal built.[8]
- 1950 - Development of Katuba township begins.
- 1950s - "Post office,...CSK headquarters, the theater, St. Mary's Basilica, and the railway headquarters" built.
- 1951 - Académie des Beaux-Arts d'Elisabethville founded.[3]
- 1954
- Development of Ruashi township begins.
- City seal in use.
- 1956 - Université officielle du Congo et du Rwanda-Urundi opens.[4]
- 1957
- City "divided into 5 communes, one for Europeans and 4 for Africans."
- December: Local election held.[9]
- 1959
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Elisabethville established.[2]
- Population: 183,711 (estimate).[10]
1960s-1990s
- 1960
- June: City becomes part of independent Republic of the Congo.
- July: City becomes capital of breakaway State of Katanga during the Congo Crisis.
- Boniface Mwepu Katentakanya becomes bourgmestre (mayor).
- 1960s - "Gecamines tower and the 2 hospitals" built.
- 1961 - 15 September: Airport bombed by Katangese Air Force.
- 1963 - Mjumbe newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1964 - Stade Albert (stadium) opens.
- 1966 - City becomes capital of Katanga Province.
- 1967
- La Générale des Carrières et des Mines (mining entity) headquartered in city.[11]
- Centre Culturel Français opens.
- 1970
- Elisabethville renamed "Lubumbashi."
- Musée national de Lubumbashi (museum) active.
- 1970s - "Hotel Karavia and Mobutu Stadium" built.
- 1971 - City becomes part of Shaba Province in the Republic of Zaire.
- 1972
- Kampemba commune created.
- University's Centre d'études des littératures romanes d'inspiration africaine active.[4][5]
- 1974 - Société nationale des Chemins de fer du Congo (national railway) headquartered in Lubumbashi.[11]
- 1975 - Population: 480,875 (estimate).[12]
- 1977 - Annexe (commune) created.
- 1981 - University of Lubumbashi active.
- 1984 - Population: 543,268.[11]
- 1990 - May: Student demonstration at University of Lubumbashi; crackdown.[11]
- 1994 - Population: 851,381 (estimate).[13]
- 1997
- April: Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo take city during the First Congo War.[11]
- Floribert Kaseba Makunko becomes mayor.
- May: City becomes part of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
21st century
- 2007 - Moïse Katumbi becomes governor of Katanga Province.
- 2008 - Marie-Grégoire Tambila becomes mayor.
- 2010
- Jean Oscar Sanguza Mutunda becomes mayor.
- Congo Express airline (Kinshasa-Lubumbashi) begins operating.
- Centennial of founding of city.
- 2011
- February: Airport attacked by secessionist Tigers.[14]
- June: Unrest.[14]
- 7 September: Prison break; escapees include warlord Gédéon Kyungu.[15][16]
- Stade TP Mazembe (stadium) opens in Kamalondo.
- 2013 - March: Secessionist Mai-Mai Kata Katanga unrest.[17]
- 2014 - January: Mai-Mai Kata Katanga unrest.[18]
- 2015
- City becomes capital of the newly formed Haut-Katanga Province.
- Population: 2,015,502 (estimate).[13]
- 2016 - December: Political protest.[19]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Democratic Republic of the Congo". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d Mukala Kadima Nzuji [in French] (1984). La littérature zaïroise de langue française: 1945-1965 (in French). Paris: Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-100-6.
- ^ "Democratic Republic of the Congo", Oxford Music Online Retrieved 7 October 2017
- ^ Ilona Szombati-Fabian; Johannes Fabian (1976). "Art, history, and society: Popular painting in Shaba, Zaire". Studies in Visual Communication. 3 (1). ISSN 0276-6558.
- ^ Ugo Carughi; Massimo Visone, eds. (2017). "Africa: Democratic Republic of the Congo". Time Frames: Conservation Policies for Twentieth-Century Architectural Heritage. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-98035-7.
- ^ Rubbens, A. (1958). "Belgian Congo". Civilisations. 8 (2). Institut de Sociologie de l'Université de Bruxelles: 335–340. JSTOR 41230355.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
Elizabethville
- ^ a b c d e f "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1857431834.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1980. New York. pp. 225–252.
- ^ a b Emizet Francois Kisangani (2016). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442273160.
- ^ a b "Deadly gunfight in DR Congo mining capital Lubumbashi", BBC News, 29 June 2011
- ^ Nearly 1,000 escape in Congo jailbreak, Reuters, 7 September 2011
- ^ "Democratic Republic of Congo Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
- ^ "DR Congo forces clash with militia in Lubumbashi", BBC News, 23 March 2013
- ^ "DR Congo's Lubumbashi hit by fighting", BBC News, 7 January 2014
- ^ "'20 dead' in DRC protests after president's term expires", Guardian, UK, 20 December 2016
Bibliography
in English
- Bruce Fetter (1974). "African associations in Elisabethville, 1910-1935". Études d'Histoire Africaine (6). ISSN 0071-1993.
- Bruce Fetter (1976). The Creation of Elisabethville, 1910-1940. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. ISBN 978-0-8179-6551-8.
- André Yav (1990). Johannes Fabian (ed.). History from Below: The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by André Yav: Text, Translations and Interpretive Essay. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-90-272-7825-8.
- Peter C Alegi (1999). "Katanga vs Johannesburg: a history of the first sub-Saharan African football championship, 1949–50". Kleio. 31: 55–74. doi:10.1080/00232089985310041.
- Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415234795.
- Michel Lwamba Bilonda (2005). "Lubumbashi". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Johan Lagae (2016) [2010]. "From 'Patrimoine Partage' to 'Whose Heritage'?: critical reflections on colonial built heritage in the city of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo". In T. Fenster; H. Yacobi (eds.). Remembering, forgetting and city builders. Routledge. ISBN 978-1315605227.
- Sofie Boonen; et al. (2015). "A city constructed by 'des gens d'ailleurs': urban development and migration policies in colonial Lubumbashi, 1910-1930". Comparativ. 15 (4). ISSN 0940-3566.
- Sofie Boonen; Johan Lagae (2015). "Scenes from a changing colonial 'Far West': picturing the early urban landscape and colonial society of cosmopolitan Lubumbashi, 1910-1931". Stichproben: Wiener Zeitschrift für Kritische Afrikastudien (28). ISSN 1992-8629.
- Johan Lagae; et al. (2016). "M(g)r. De Hemptin(n)e, I Presume? Transforming Local Memory Through Toponymy in Colonial/Post-Colonial Lubumbashi, DR Congo". In L. Bigon (ed.). Place Names in Africa: Colonial Urban Legacies, Entangled Histories. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-32485-2.
in French
- Noël van Malleghem (1950). "L'urbanisation d'Elisabethville". L'urbanisme au Congo Belge (in French). Brussels: Ministère des Colonies.
- A. Chapelier (1957), Elisabethville: essai de Géographie urbaine (in French), Brussels: Académie royale des sciences coloniales
- Jean-Claude Bruneau [in French]; M. Mbuyu (1983). "Passe, present et avenir possible de l'urbanisme a Lubumbashi". Zaïre-Afrique (in French). ISSN 0049-8513.
- Jean-Claude Bruneau; M.-T. Lootens-De-Muynck (1985). "Dynamique démographique des quartiers de Lubumbashi des origines à nos jours". Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 38 – via Persee.fr.
- Jean-Claude Bruneau; Marc Pain (1990). Atlas de Lubumbashi (in French). Paris. ISBN 978-2950490100.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Lubumbashi, capitale minière du Katanga, 1910-2010 (in French). Éditions Lieux Dits. 2008. ISBN 9782914528535.
- Maëline Le Lay and Christian Kunda (2009). "Théâtre au Katanga: aperçu historique". Études Littéraires Africaines (in French) (27): 18. doi:10.7202/1034302ar. ISSN 0769-4563 – via Erudit.org.
- Bogumil Jewsiewicki; et al., eds. (2010). Lubumbashi, 1910-2010: mémoire d'une ville industrielle (in French and Swahili). Paris: Harmattan. ISBN 978-2296096608.
- Maurice Amuri Mpala-Lutebele (2013). Lubumbashi, cent ans d'histoire (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782343013992.
External links
- "(Lubumbashi)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "(Elisabethville-Lubumbashi)". Mukanda: ressources documentaires sur l'Afrique centrale (in French). France: University of Lorraine. (Bibliography)
- "(Lubumbashi)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Lubumbashi)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Lubumbashi)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Lubumbashi)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 2016-09-29. (Bibliography)
- "(Lubumbashi)". Contemporary History Library Catalogue. Belgium: Royal Museum for Central Africa. (Bibliography) (see also "Elisabethville")
Images
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Union Minière du Haut Katanga mining facility at Elisabethville, 1917
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Baluba refugee camp near Elisabethville, 1962, during Congo Crisis
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Map of central Lubumbashi, 1978
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OpenStreetMap activity in Lubumbashi, 2014
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DRC Portal
Union Minière du Haut Katanga mining facility at Elisabethville, 1917
Baluba refugee camp near Elisabethville, 1962, during Congo Crisis
Map of central Lubumbashi, 1978
OpenStreetMap activity in Lubumbashi, 2014
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